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Personality-based individual differences in foraging efficiencies and metabolic rates and their consequences for predator-prey interactions.

基于性格的觅食效率和代谢率的个体差异及其对捕食者与猎物相互作用的影响。

基本信息

批准号：
282374085
负责人：
Dr. Gregor Kalinkat
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/282374085?language=en
关键词：
Personality based individual differences foraging

项目摘要

The importance of intraspecific variation in species traits is currently intensively debated by population and community ecologists. In particular, there have been repeated calls to integrate animal behaviour with more traditional, population-oriented ecological research to provide an improved understanding of functional relationships between behavioural traits and foraging ecology. My proposed research project addresses the question how intraspecific variation in metabolism and feeding rates can be explained by individual differences in behavioural types (sometimes also denoted animal personalities). I propose to analyse prey-density dependent feeding rates of juvenile European perch (Perca fluviatilis) in laboratory experiments based on the functional response model framework. This provides the notable opportunity to link behavioural-mediated functional outcomes to population-level consequences via consumption rates of prey by predators. The objective of my research is to gather integrated knowledge on how the energetic demands of individuals (i.e., individual metabolism) constrain the basic mechanisms of capturing and handling prey and if this is mediated by the behavioural types. Hence, I will assess how the range of intraspecific variation in the critical functional response parameters capture rate and handling time is mechanistically linked to key personality traits (namely activity, agility and exploratory behaviour) and I will analyse how these personality traits affect the feeding rate on different prey types (i.e., benthic Asellus aquaticus versus pelagic Daphnia magna). The research project features a particularly innovative approach by combining observations with high speed cameras and in a 3D-environment with conventional model estimation procedures in functional response research. My main hypotheses are, (1), high-activity, high-agility, and more exploratory individuals have significantly higher metabolism and feeding rates than the population average and, (2), these high feeding rates are driven mainly by higher encounter rates of the more active types. (3) prey perception and detection will also be affected by behavioural types. This research project provides a critical step towards an urgently-needed evaluation of current standard procedures of inferring predator-prey interaction strengths from natural populations.Overall, the proposed research project will improve our current understanding of predator-prey interactions and, simultaneously, it will facilitate an integration of the intraspecific variation in prospective models of trophic interactions furthering our understanding of population ecology using perch as a model species. At the end of the proposal I am also outlining how I could later implement the findings from my research into such an advanced type of predator-prey population models together with my collaborators.

目前，种群和群落生态学家对物种性状种内变异的重要性进行了激烈的争论。特别是，人们一再呼吁将动物行为与更传统的、以种群为导向的生态研究相结合，以更好地理解行为特征和觅食生态之间的功能关系。我提出的研究项目解决了如何通过行为类型（有时也表示动物性格）的个体差异来解释新陈代谢和摄食率的种内差异的问题。我建议在基于功能反应模型框架的实验室实验中分析幼年欧洲鲈鱼（Perca Fluviatilis）的猎物密度依赖性摄食率。这提供了一个显着的机会，通过捕食者对猎物的消耗率，将行为介导的功能结果与种群水平的后果联系起来。我研究的目的是收集关于个体的能量需求（即个体新陈代谢）如何限制捕获和处理猎物的基本机制以及这是否由行为类型介导的综合知识。因此，我将评估关键功能反应参数捕获率和处理时间的种内变异范围如何与关键个性特征（即活动、敏捷性和探索行为）机械地联系起来，并且我将分析这些个性特征如何影响不同猎物类型（即底栖水生水生与中上层大型溞）的摄食率。该研究项目采用了一种特别创新的方法，将高速摄像机的观察结果与功能响应研究中的传统模型估计程序在 3D 环境中相结合。我的主要假设是，（1）高活动性、高敏捷性和更具探索性的个体的新陈代谢和摄食率明显高于种群平均水平，（2）这些高摄食率主要是由更活跃类型的更高遭遇率驱动的。 (3)猎物的感知和检测也会受到行为类型的影响。该研究项目为迫切需要评估当前从自然种群推断捕食者-猎物相互作用强度的标准程序提供了关键的一步。总体而言，拟议的研究项目将提高我们目前对捕食者-猎物相互作用的理解，同时，它将促进营养相互作用前瞻性模型中种内变异的整合，进一步加深我们对使用鲈鱼作为模型物种的种群生态学的理解。在提案的最后，我还概述了如何与我的合作者一起将我的研究结果应用到这种先进类型的捕食者-猎物种群模型中。