Action-based updating of visual short-term memory

基于动作的视觉短期记忆更新

• 批准号: 283703834
• 负责人: Dr. Sven Ohl
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Psychologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/283703834?language=en
• 关键词: Action; based; updating; visual; short

The versatility of human behavior depends on coordinated, goal-directed movements. They are the basis for our interaction with dynamic environments, and the mechanisms that control them are entwined with perceptual and cognitive functions. While the influences of actions on visual perception have been studied amply, the influences of action on visual memory are not understood. The proposed research program examines the influence of goal-directed actions on the transfer of visual information into short-term memory and its maintenance therein. A main focus will be on saccades as a model system of goal-directed movements. Preliminary data demonstrates that saccade planning and execution have a strong influence on visual information held in memory, perhaps because of the general necessity to store visual information across retinal image shifts every time the eyes move. In four subprojects, involving a total of twelve experiments, we strive to meet four main objectives. First, we will delineate the conditions under which saccadic eye movements influence the transfer and maintenance of content in visual memory. Do these influences occur in a sensitive period, do they depend on memory load, and what is the representational format on which they operate? Second, we will study the spatial specificity of the saccadic influence on memory maintenance. Are priorities in memory performance restricted to the saccade target or do they spread to locations nearby? Do visual memory and goal-directed actions work on similar spatial scales? Third, we will assess the relation of saccadic influences on memory maintenance to similar effects previously observed for covert attention shifts. Specifically, do the mechanisms underlying these two types of influences overlap or are they independent? Is the saccadic influence on visual memory obligatory? Fourth, we will evaluate whether saccadic influences on visual memory generalize to other types of goal directed movements, such as manual reaches. We will determine the temporal profile and conditions of memory demand under which these movements influence the stabilization and maintenance of visual memory, and find out whether reaches and saccades affect these processes independently. By investigating whether and how actions affect visual information maintained in memory, the proposed project will uncover how movements shape aspects of cognition beyond the encoding of incoming sensory signals. This is an important goal, because actions may provide a rapid and crucial mechanism to prioritize behaviorally relevant memories in a capacity-limited system. In turn, prioritized visual memories might play a key role in maintaining perceptual continuity and supporting sequences of actions across saccadic eye movements. Finally, current models of visual memory need to incorporate the impact of action on memory performance to provide a meaningful account of memory in the acting observer.

人类行为的多样性取决于协调的、目标导向的运动。它们是我们与动态环境互动的基础，控制它们的机制与感知和认知功能相结合。虽然动作对视觉感知的影响已经得到了充分的研究，但动作对视觉记忆的影响还不清楚。该研究计划旨在探讨目标导向行为对视觉信息向短时记忆的传递及其维持的影响。一个主要的重点将是扫视作为目标导向运动的模型系统。初步的数据表明，扫视规划和执行有很大的影响，在内存中保存的视觉信息，也许是因为一般需要存储的视觉信息在视网膜图像转移每次眼睛移动。 在四个子项目中，共涉及十二个实验，我们努力实现四个主要目标。首先，我们将描绘条件下，扫视眼球运动的影响转移和维持的内容在视觉记忆。这些影响是否发生在一个敏感时期，它们是否依赖于记忆负荷，以及它们运作的表征格式是什么？其次，我们将研究扫视对记忆维持影响的空间特异性。记忆表现的优先级是否仅限于眼跳目标，还是扩散到附近的位置？视觉记忆和目标导向行为在相似的空间尺度上起作用吗？第三，我们将评估扫视对记忆维持的影响与先前观察到的内隐注意转移的类似影响之间的关系。具体来说，这两种影响的机制是重叠的还是独立的？扫视对视觉记忆的影响是强制性的吗？第四，我们将评估扫视对视觉记忆的影响是否推广到其他类型的目标导向运动，如手动达到。我们将确定这些运动影响视觉记忆的稳定和维持的时间轮廓和记忆需求的条件，并找出是否达到和扫视影响这些过程独立。通过研究动作是否以及如何影响记忆中保存的视觉信息，拟议的项目将揭示动作如何塑造认知的各个方面，而不仅仅是对传入的感官信号进行编码。这是一个重要的目标，因为行动可以提供一个快速和关键的机制，在一个能力有限的系统中优先考虑行为相关的记忆。反过来，优先的视觉记忆可能在维持感知连续性和支持扫视眼球运动的动作序列方面发挥关键作用。最后，目前的视觉记忆模型需要纳入行动对记忆表现的影响，以提供一个有意义的帐户的记忆在代理观察员。