The tributary between city and island: harbor of or obstacle to Roman Cologne?

城市与岛屿之间的支流：罗马科隆的港口还是障碍？

• 批准号: 285494940
• 负责人: Dr. Constanze Höpken
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Archäologisches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/285494940?language=en
• 关键词: tributary; between; city; island; harbor

Ancient Cologne, located on the Rhine, one of the most important trade routes of the Germanic provinces, was one of the largest Roman centers north of the Alps; for the supply of up to 20,000 inhabitants it needed a harbor. From the beginning this port must meet the logistical challenges and serve as an interface to the land transport system. Since the integration of Britain in the Roman Empire AD 43 Cologne must be regarded as a commercial hub and one of the major distribution centers in the long-distance trade of the north-western provinces. Therefore the harbor was always of central meaning to the development of the city.The Roman settlement was founded at the end of the 1st century BC on the west bank of the Rhine. Opposite, there was, separated by a tributary of the Rhine, an island. This, there were three possibilities for ships to land: the two banks of the about 60 m wide tributary as well as the eastern, river-facing bank of the island. Further possibilities existed south and particularly north of the island where the land coastline curved back bay-like. In the late 1st century the Romans started an artificial filling of the tributary; this process seemed to be completed and the island connected to the mainland in the 2nd century. But the examination of excavation documents from 1979/80 (Excavation Museum Ludwig/Philharmonie) and a revision of dendrochronological dating have now shown that in the second half of the 2nd century there must have been a part of the tributary which was still open to traffic. In this project, the history of the northern section of the tributary will be investigated. In this context also its use as a port in connection with a port in the area north of the island will be discussed.

古科隆位于莱茵河上，是日耳曼各省最重要的贸易路线之一，是阿尔卑斯山以北最大的罗马中心之一;为了供应多达20，000名居民，它需要一个港口。从一开始，这个港口就必须应对物流方面的挑战，并作为陆地运输系统的接口。自公元43年英国并入罗马帝国以来，科隆就被视为商业中心，是西北各省长途贸易的主要集散地之一。因此，港口一直是城市发展的中心。罗马人的定居点建于公元前世纪末，位于莱茵河西岸。对面有一座岛屿，被莱茵河的一条支流隔开。因此，船只有三种可能性登陆：大约60米宽的支流的两岸以及岛的东部，面向河流的银行。更进一步的可能性存在南部，特别是岛屿北部，那里的陆地海岸线像海湾一样弯曲。在世纪后期，罗马人开始人工填充支流;这一过程似乎在2世纪完成，岛屿与大陆相连。但是，对1979/80年（路德维希/爱乐乐团发掘博物馆）的挖掘文件的检查和对树木年代测定的修订现在表明，在第二世纪的下半叶，一定有一部分支流仍然开放交通。在本项目中，将调查支流北方段的历史。在这方面，还将讨论它作为与该岛北部地区港口有关的港口的使用。