Concert Life and Concert Venues in Japan, 1868-1945

在现代日本，西方古典曲目的音乐会数量以及音乐会场地和专业管弦乐队的数量都高于世界上大多数其他国家。根据对交响乐演奏场地的分析，以此作为社会背景以及建筑和音响表演条件的指标，将考察1868年至1945年期间日本现代音乐会生活的发展。从分析日本音乐在西方古典音乐传入之前的场地和演出条件入手，主要考察了东京地区从1868年明治时代开始到1945年第二次世界大战结束期间所有交响乐表演场所的形状、大小、容量和声学特性。由于大部分相关建筑物在其原始状态下已不复存在，因此根据ISO 3382的房间声学参数将基于所有大厅的CAD模型和房间声学模拟来计算，无论是否有人使用。对于仍然存在的大厅，将进行测量。根据测量和模拟得出的室内声学参数，这些早期音乐会场地将与欧洲和美国同期的音乐厅以及今天的日本现代场地进行比较。除了交响乐团的规模和演出惯例的资料外，还将重点介绍日本独有的特点和先决条件，例如使用歌舞伎剧院进行西方音乐的早期演出，以及在演出惯例、建筑设计和音乐会场地的音响规划方面的参考和西方影响。这些结果将使人们深入了解房间声学的历史，以及日本在当地传统和外国影响之间的文化史。

In modern Japan, the number of concerts of the western classical repertoire as well as the number of concert venues and professional orchestras is higher than in most other countries worldwide. Based on an analysis of the concert venues built for the performance of symphonic music as an indicator for the social background as well as for the architectural and acoustical performance conditions, the development of modern concert life in Japan in a period between 1868 and 1945 will be examined. Starting with an analysis of venues and performance conditions for Japanese music before the introduction of western classical music, the main investigation will describe all performance venues for symphonic music in the Tokyo district from the beginning of the Meiji era in 1868 to the end of the second world war in 1945, with respect to their shape, size, capacity and acoustic properties. Since most of the relevant buildings do not exist anymore in their original condition, room-acoustical parameters according to ISO 3382 will be calculated based on CAD-models and room acoustical simulations of all halls for the occupied and unoccupied case. For the still existing halls, measurements will be conducted. Based on room acoustical parameters derived from measurements and simulation, these early concert venues will be compared to halls of the same time in Europe and the USA as well as to modern venues in Japan today. Together with informations on the orchestra sizes and performance conventions, both the unique characteristics and preconditions in Japan such as the use of kabuki theaters for early performances of western music will be highlighted as well as references and western influences in terms of performance conventions, architectural design and the acoustical planning of concert venues. The results will give insights into the history of room acoustics as well as into the cultural history of Japan between the poles of local traditions and foreign influences.