Know-how in flax production - Specialised farmers of the Late Neolithic period (4300-2200 B.C.) in the circum-alpine region. An interdisciplinary study on the spread and use of the cultivated plant flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

该应用程序的目标是完成众多结果的出版。关于有用的植物亚麻的文化历史的其他方面将通过应用跨学科的方法对新发现的考古发现进行调查。因此，该项目将在一个令人满意的方式完成。两套纺锤轮从康斯坦茨湖和上斯瓦比亚挖掘进行了比较，从东南欧的一个巨大的数据集。新采用的植物纤维生产专门知识是沿着亚麻纤维的引进而出现的，这可以解释为东南欧新移民的到来。一种新的纤维亚麻品种在公元前4000年被引入阿尔卑斯地区与技术创新有关的假设可以通过对50个考古遗址和192个特征的亚麻种子的测量来证明。新的事实是，在两个地点，纤维亚麻已经出现了从公元前4th千年开始。从10个湿地网站的测量烧焦和未烧焦的亚麻种子从同一层。计算炭化比（商），这将使整个欧洲和近东地区的烧焦亚麻籽的纤维或油品种。这一结果将与两个品种的形态特征的描述和文件一起出版。从项目开始，就进行了亚麻老品种栽培的对照试验。这次收获提供了足够的材料进行比较，现在可以用于重建新石器时代的生存策略。测得的千粒重有助于计算新石器时代耕作区的种植密度，从而计算作物产量。这个数据集应该在这个项目的最后阶段发布。在第一个项目阶段，一个新石器时代的亚麻植物库存丢失了。但在2018年，在苏黎世湖的一个湿地发现了这样一个种群，并由苏黎世州文化遗产局对整个街区进行了采样。考古植物学分析提供给我。该块将分析应用传统和新的分析方法：植物宏观遗骸，植硅体，和古代DNA。目的是重建原始高度和分枝因子以及杂草污染，以重建新石器时代亚麻的生长条件。该项目肯定会受益于这些新成果。

This application has the goal to complete the publications of numerous results. Additional aspects on the cultural history of the useful plant flax will be investigated on a newly discovered archaeological finding by applying interdisciplinary methods. Thereby the project will be completed in a satisfying way.Two sets of spindle whorls from excavations at Lake Constance and in Upper Swabia were compared with a huge dataset from South-eastern Europe. The newly adopted know-how of plant fibre production goes along with the introduction of fibre flax and can be explained by the immigration of new people from South-eastern Europe. The hypothesis that a new breed of fibre flax was introduced to the Alpine region during the 4th millennium BC associated with technical innovation could be proven by measurements of flax seeds from 50 archaeological sites and 192 features. New is the fact that at two sites fibre flax already appeared from the start of the 4th millennium BC.From ten wetland sites measurements from charred and uncharred flax seeds were taken from the same layer. A charring ratio (quotient) was calculated that will enable to relate charred flax seeds from entire Europe and the Near East to either the fibre or the oil variety. This result will be published together with a description and documentation of the morphological features of both varieties. Controlled experiments of cultivating old land races of flax are performed since the beginning of the project. The harvest delivers sufficient material for comparison that can now be used for the reconstruction of the Neolithic subsistence strategy. The measured thousand-seed weight will help to calculate the plant density and thereby the crop yield of the Neolithic cultivated area. This dataset should be published during the final phase of this project.During the first project phase a Neolithic stock of flax plants was missing. But in 2018 such a stock was discovered in a wetland site at Lake Zürich and sampled as a whole block by the Cultural heritage Agency of the Canton Zürich. The archaeobotanical analyses were offered to me. The block will be analysed by applying conventional and new analytical methods: botanical macro remains, phytoliths, and ancient DNA. The goal is to reconstruct the original height and the branching factor and weed contamination in order to reconstruct the growing conditions of the Neolithic flax. The project will definitely benefit from these new results.