Know-how in flax production - Specialised farmers of the Late Neolithic period (4300-2200 B.C.) in the circum-alpine region. An interdisciplinary study on the spread and use of the cultivated plant flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

亚麻生产的专业知识 - 新石器时代晚期（公元前 4300-2200 年）环阿尔卑斯地区的专业农民。

• 批准号: 289510075
• 负责人: Dr. Sabine Karg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/289510075?language=en
• 关键词: Know; how; flax; production; Specialised

This application has the goal to complete the publications of numerous results. Additional aspects on the cultural history of the useful plant flax will be investigated on a newly discovered archaeological finding by applying interdisciplinary methods. Thereby the project will be completed in a satisfying way.Two sets of spindle whorls from excavations at Lake Constance and in Upper Swabia were compared with a huge dataset from South-eastern Europe. The newly adopted know-how of plant fibre production goes along with the introduction of fibre flax and can be explained by the immigration of new people from South-eastern Europe. The hypothesis that a new breed of fibre flax was introduced to the Alpine region during the 4th millennium BC associated with technical innovation could be proven by measurements of flax seeds from 50 archaeological sites and 192 features. New is the fact that at two sites fibre flax already appeared from the start of the 4th millennium BC.From ten wetland sites measurements from charred and uncharred flax seeds were taken from the same layer. A charring ratio (quotient) was calculated that will enable to relate charred flax seeds from entire Europe and the Near East to either the fibre or the oil variety. This result will be published together with a description and documentation of the morphological features of both varieties. Controlled experiments of cultivating old land races of flax are performed since the beginning of the project. The harvest delivers sufficient material for comparison that can now be used for the reconstruction of the Neolithic subsistence strategy. The measured thousand-seed weight will help to calculate the plant density and thereby the crop yield of the Neolithic cultivated area. This dataset should be published during the final phase of this project.During the first project phase a Neolithic stock of flax plants was missing. But in 2018 such a stock was discovered in a wetland site at Lake Zürich and sampled as a whole block by the Cultural heritage Agency of the Canton Zürich. The archaeobotanical analyses were offered to me. The block will be analysed by applying conventional and new analytical methods: botanical macro remains, phytoliths, and ancient DNA. The goal is to reconstruct the original height and the branching factor and weed contamination in order to reconstruct the growing conditions of the Neolithic flax. The project will definitely benefit from these new results.

这个应用程序的目标是完成大量成果的发布。关于有用的植物亚麻文化史的其他方面将通过应用跨学科方法对一项新发现的考古发现进行调查。因此，该项目将以令人满意的方式完成。从康斯坦茨湖和上斯瓦比亚挖掘出来的两组主轴螺纹与来自东南欧的大型数据集进行了比较。随着纤维亚麻的引入，新采用的植物纤维生产技术也随之出现，这可以用来自东南欧的新移民来解释。通过对50个考古遗址和192个特征的亚麻种子的测量，可以证实这样的假设，即在公元前4000年期间，随着技术创新，一种新的纤维亚麻被引入阿尔卑斯山地区。新的事实是，从公元前4千年开始，在两个地点已经出现了纤维亚麻。在十个湿地地点，从同一层采集了烧焦和未烧焦的亚麻种子的测量结果。一个炭化比率(商)被计算出来，可以将来自整个欧洲和近东的烧焦的亚麻籽与纤维或油的品种联系起来。这一结果将与这两个品种的形态特征的描述和文件一起发表。项目启动以来，进行了亚麻老陆地小种培育的对照试验。收成提供了足够的比较材料，现在可以用于重建新石器时代的生存战略。测得的千粒重将有助于计算新石器时代耕作地区的种植密度，从而计算作物产量。这个数据集应该在这个项目的最后阶段公布。在第一个项目阶段，一个新石器时代的亚麻植物种群丢失了。但2018年，在苏黎世湖的湿地遗址发现了这样的种群，并由苏黎世州文化遗产机构对整个街区进行了采样。考古植物学分析被提供给了我。将通过应用传统和新的分析方法对该区块进行分析：植物学宏观遗骸、植物硅体和古代DNA。其目的是重建原始高度、分枝系数和杂草污染，以恢复新石器时代亚麻的生长条件。该项目肯定会从这些新的成果中受益。