The Return of Race-based Inequalities in Contemporary Cuba: The Impact of Current Reforms and Past Migration

当代古巴种族不平等的回归：当前改革和过去移民的影响

• 批准号: 290536910
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Katrin Hansing
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Baruch College
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/290536910?language=en
• 关键词: Return; Race; based; Inequalities; Contemporary

Few social transformations have attacked race-based inequalities more thoroughly than the 1959 Cuban Revolution. However, in today s context of a changing economy, new social stratifications are emerging along clearly visible, racial lines. Social inequality and race*, both dominant themes in pre-revolutionary Cuba, have once again become key, overlapping issues. Building on previous research the guiding hypothesis of this project is that the return of race-based inequalities in Cuba results from the interaction of two key factors: a) past migration patterns and their ongoing implications; and b) current economic, social and political changes and reforms. As the Cuban Revolution greatly affected the interests of the pre-dominantly white elites and middle classes, their out-migration resulted in an essentially white Cuban diaspora. This implies that remittances sent along family ties essentially exclude the non-White population. With the current market reforms these flows become the key source on the island for investment in new business, and in consequence, a driving force of structural re-stratification. The recent US-Cuban detente is likely to deepen this trend as it will further intensify travel, trade and communications between Cuban-Americans and their relatives on the island. Moreover, as a result of the recent Spanish so-called Grand-children s law 200,000 white Cubans have been able to claim Spanish citizenship in addition to their Cuban nationality. Combined with Cuba s 2013 law liberalizing travel, this enhanced international mobility becomes a key asset for import and export activities, which is in sharp contrast to the difficulties most Afro-Cubans face when applying for visas to the US, EU or other countries. To explore the impact of these factors on the re-stratification of Cuban society our empirical fieldwork will use a mixed methods approach. A survey with 1,000 questionnaires with individuals across the island will provide a close to representative assessment of Cuba s new social stratification; in addition 100 in-depth, qualitative interviews will be carried out that will give insights into the underlying social dynamics. Due to the particular circumstances of doing research in Cuba, there have so far been no comparable, international empirical studies. However, with over 35 years of combined research experience in Cuba (including numerous independent surveys), solid institutional partnerships on the island, and a trusted, local research team, the applicants are uniquely suited to warrant the project s viability. * We adhere to the statement on race adopted by the American Anthropological Association: http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/racepp.htm. As such, we understand the term race and racial to be a social construction and use it as such throughout the text.

很少有社会变革比1959年的古巴革命更彻底地打击了基于种族的不平等。然而，在当今经济不断变化的背景下，新的社会分层正在沿着沿着清晰可见的种族界限出现。社会不平等和种族 *，这两个在革命前的古巴占主导地位的主题，再次成为关键，重叠的问题。在以往研究的基础上，本项目的指导假设是，古巴重新出现基于种族的不平等现象是两个关键因素相互作用的结果：（a）过去的移徙模式及其持续影响;（B）当前的经济、社会和政治变革和改革。由于古巴革命极大地影响了占主导地位的白色精英和中产阶级的利益，他们的移民导致了一个基本上是白色的古巴侨民。这意味着，沿着家庭关系汇款基本上排除了非白人人口。随着目前的市场改革，这些流动成为岛上新业务投资的主要来源，从而成为结构重新分层的驱动力。最近美国与古巴关系的缓和可能会加深这一趋势，因为它将进一步加强古巴裔美国人与他们在岛上的亲属之间的旅行，贸易和沟通。此外，由于西班牙最近颁布了所谓的《孙子法》，20万白色古巴人除了古巴国籍外，还可以要求获得西班牙公民身份。加上古巴2013年放宽旅行限制的法律，这种增强的国际流动性成为进出口活动的关键资产，这与大多数非洲裔古巴人在申请美国，欧盟或其他国家签证时面临的困难形成鲜明对比。为了探索这些因素对古巴社会重新分层的影响，我们的实地考察将采用混合方法。一项对全岛1,000名个人的问卷调查将对古巴新的社会分层进行接近代表性的评估;此外，还将进行100次深入的定性访谈，以深入了解潜在的社会动态。由于在古巴进行研究的特殊情况，迄今为止还没有可比的国际经验研究。然而，凭借在古巴超过35年的综合研究经验（包括许多独立调查），岛上稳固的机构合作伙伴关系以及值得信赖的当地研究团队，申请人非常适合保证该项目的可行性。* 我们坚持美国人类学协会通过的关于种族的声明：http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/racepp.htm。因此，我们理解种族和种族这个术语是一种社会结构，并在整个文本中使用它。