Archaeology: When did humans conquer high mountains? The making of a tropical alpine human environment

考古学：人类何时征服了高山？

• 批准号: 290546836
• 负责人: Dr. Ralf Vogelsang
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/290546836?language=en
• 关键词: Archaeology; When; did; humans; conquer

During Phase 1 of RU 2358, the archeological project P1 could verify a Late Pleistocene settlement in the Bale Mountains which represents the worldwide earliest evidence of regular high altitude occupations by humans. These Middle Stone Age hunter-gatherers developed unique behavioral and cultural adaptations to the afro-alpine environments, clearly to be distinguished from those of their Later Stone Age successors settling the area since the terminal Pleistocene and throughout much of the Holocene. In contrast, the Bale Mountains experienced a late introduction of herding societies and domestic livestock.While the reconstruction of the settlement history and the diachronic investigation of the human-environment interaction remain overarching goals, in Phase 2 more emphasis will be placed on the examination of the character of these different occupation events. This also includes carving out in more detail the pull-factors that attracted people to this high-altitude region, acquiring higher chronological as well as spatial resolution of the settlements and creating sound data sets within the Phase 2. Our own spectrum of geo-archeological methods geared towards an understanding of the formation processes at the investigated archeological rock shelter sites will be complemented by P2 with comparative data and insights into the intensity and chronology of former settlement events at these sites. To contextualize the spatial and temporal prehistoric settlement patterns and its cultural manifestations, joint explanatory models will consider former climate (results of P5, P7) and glacial (P6, P7) as well as ecological (P3, P4, C2) conditions. Also with C2/P4, aDNA analyses of Late Pleistocene archeological material (sediments, Giant Molerat faunal remains) are planned.

在RU 2358的第一阶段，考古项目P1可以验证Bale山脉的晚更新世定居点，这代表了人类定期高海拔居住的全球最早证据。这些中石器时代的狩猎采集者发展了独特的行为和文化适应非洲阿尔卑斯山的环境，显然是区别于他们的晚石器时代的继任者解决该地区以来的终端更新世和整个全新世的大部分时间。与此相反，贝尔山脉经历了较晚的引入放牧社会和家畜。虽然重建定居历史和人类与环境相互作用的历时性调查仍然是首要目标，但在第二阶段，更多的重点将放在这些不同占领事件的特征研究上。这还包括更详细地阐述吸引人们前往这一高海拔地区的吸引因素，获得定居点的更高时间和空间分辨率，并在第二阶段内创建健全的数据集。我们自己的频谱地质考古方法，面向在调查的考古岩石庇护所网站的形成过程的理解将补充P2与比较数据和洞察力的强度和年表前解决事件在这些网站。为了将史前定居模式及其文化表现的时空背景化，联合解释模型将考虑以前的气候（P5，P7的结果）和冰川（P6，P7）以及生态（P3，P4，C2）条件。此外，还计划利用C2/P4对晚更新世考古材料（沉积物、巨型Molerat动物群遗迹）进行DNA分析。