Understanding current patterns of diversity and distribution: How and when did Himalayan faunal elements evolve?

了解当前的多样性和分布模式：喜马拉雅动物群元素是如何以及何时进化的？

• 批准号: 427877022
• 负责人: Dr. Sylvia Hofmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Sektion Herpetologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/427877022?language=en
• 关键词: Understanding; current; patterns; diversity; distribution

The uplift of the Himalaya-Tibet Orogen (HTO) has significantly influenced the global climate and due to its massive elevations and river incisions it likely played an important role as a speciation pump. However, our understanding of the historical biogeography of species in the HTO is far from being comprehensive, as are details of the spatiotemporal evolution of its uplift. The Himalaya plays a key role in elucidating these processes. Results from the applicant’s preliminary work, based on molecular data from amphibians, provide initial indications for a Paleo-Tibetan origin of Himalayan faunal components, challenging the long-held belief of immigration from China-Indochina into the Himalaya. Yet, a comprehensive phylogeographic approach is needed, requiring a systematic sampling from biogeographically important regions and an extended analytical framework to pinpoint patterns of diversification in the Himalaya and adjacent regions and to uncover the relative contribution of in-situ speciation versus colonisation in the HTO. Within the project, the applicant will use four carefully chosen terrestrial model systems (spiny frogs, lazy toads, the Himalayan toad and ground skinks), that are sufficiently phylogenetically old and cover a range of different dispersal abilities and ecological preferences. Using cutting-edge targeted exon capture technology in combination with next generation DNA sequencing and state of the art phylogenetic analysis alternative phylogeographic hypotheses will be tested (immigration, vicariance, out-of-Tibet, Paleo-Tibetan origin) and estimate divergence times. The applicant pursues the following objectives with the study: i) Detailed phylogenetic inventory in areas along the southern slope of the Himalaya and surrounding mountain areas; ii) Reconstructing diversification/colonisation pattern; iii) Providing biological evidences for the time of (primary) uplifts of HTO components. Access to museum samples at the applicant’s collaboration partners’ disposal includes almost all relevant species, guaranteeing fast progress of this project. Data amount and resulting statistical power will allow drawing conclusions in an unprecedented power on colonization history and uplift of the HTO. It will also allow identifying factors important for species diversification and contribute to an understanding of the Tertiary environmental conditions of the HTO.

喜马拉雅-西藏造山带（HTO）的隆升对全球气候产生了显着影响，并且由于其巨大的海拔和河流切口，它可能发挥了物种形成泵的重要作用。然而，我们对HTO物种历史地理学的理解还远远不够全面，其隆起的时空演化细节也是如此。喜马拉雅山在阐明这些过程中发挥着关键作用。根据两栖动物的分子数据，申请人初步工作的结果为喜马拉雅动物群成分的古西藏起源提供了初步迹象，挑战了长期以来认为从中国-印度支那移民到喜马拉雅的观点。然而，需要一个全面的生态地理的方法，需要一个系统的采样生态地理重要的地区和扩展的分析框架，以查明在喜马拉雅山和邻近地区的多样化模式，并揭示在HTO的就地物种形成与殖民化的相对贡献。在该项目中，申请人将使用四个精心挑选的陆地模型系统（棘蛙、懒蟾蜍、喜马拉雅蟾蜍和地蜥），这些系统在遗传学上足够古老，涵盖一系列不同的扩散能力和生态偏好。使用尖端的靶向外显子捕获技术，结合下一代DNA测序和最先进的系统发育分析，将测试替代性的地理假设（移民，地理隔离，西藏以外，古西藏起源）并估计分歧时间。申请人的研究目标如下：i）喜马拉雅山南坡沿着地区和周围山区的详细系统发育清单; ii）重建多样化/定居模式; iii）提供HTO成分（初次）隆起时间的生物学证据。申请人的合作伙伴可以使用几乎所有相关物种的博物馆样本，这保证了该项目的快速进展。数据量和由此产生的统计能力将允许得出关于殖民历史和HTO隆起的前所未有的结论。它还将允许确定物种多样化的重要因素，并有助于了解HTO的第三纪环境条件。