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Biodiversity, phylogeny and biogeography of African and Madagascan Melastomataceae

非洲和马达加斯加野牡丹科的生物多样性、系统发育和生物地理学

基本信息

批准号：
310833372
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Gudrun Kadereit
金额：
--
依托单位：
Bereich Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/310833372?language=en
关键词：
Biodiversity phylogeny biogeography African Madagascan

项目摘要

The pantropical Melastomataceae s.l. (172 gen., 4800-5000 spp.) rank among the ten largest angiosperm families. They can be recognized by their acrodromous leaf venation and beautiful flowers with mostly poricidal and conspicuously ornamented stamens. African members of Melastomataceae are notoriously understudied and only scarcely represented in molecular studies. Melastomateae is the most diverse tribe in Africa with ca. 185 species in 13 genera, while Madagascar has about 70 species in nine genera. A detailed molecular study of neotropical Melastomateae showed that the paleotropical genera form a monophyletic lineage originating from neotropical ancestors. Dissotis, currently the largest genus (120 spp.) in the Afro-Madagacan Melastomateae, seems to be polyphyletic. Despite, the high diversity of Afro-Madagascan Melastomateae, only 17 species have so far been included in molecular phylogenetic studies. Due to the lack of a comprehensive morphological and molecular treatment, the relationships among African, Madagascan, and Asian genera of Melastomateae are incompletely resolved and their morphological and biogeographical evolution is poorly understood. The main objective proposed for this research project is to resolve generic relationships in the African-Madagascan Melastomateae based on a dense taxon sampling comprising 160 accessions representing 120 species and all genera in Africa and Madagascar (and selected representatives from Asia) and sequencing of multiple fast-evolving genomic regions complemented by a careful morphological and geographical survey of the lineage based on the study of herbarium specimens. Since further evolutionary studies in Melastomateae depend on a deep taxonomical understanding of this largely unknown African lineage the systematic groundwork will be our first prime goal. Then the molecular trees will be used to reconstruct divergence times, geographical and morphological diversification of paleotropical Melastomateae. The inclusion of proposed paleoendemics such as Cailliella, Pseudosbeckia, Dionychastrum and Nerophila, will contribute to our understanding of the origin and spread of Melastomateae in Africa and Madagascar. Studies of floral morphology in the group will focus on stamen morphology and the evolution of heteranthery which has a direct (and probably fast) impact on the pollination syndrome and might represent one key character for diversification in the group. Our results will have a strong and direct impact on planned floristic treatments of the family, e.g. in the ongoing treatment of the Flora of Central Africa and in updating the Floras of Cameroon and Gabon, and therefore contribute to the floristic biodiversity survey of these regions.

泛热带野牡丹科S.L.(172属，4800-5000种)跻身十大被子植物家族之列。根据其顶生的叶脉和美丽的花朵可以辨认出它们，雄蕊大多具孔洞和明显的装饰。众所周知，野牡丹科的非洲成员研究得很少，在分子研究中也很少出现。野牡丹族是非洲最多样化的部落，约有13属185种，马达加斯加有9属约70种。对新热带野牡丹科的详细分子研究表明，这些古热带属形成了起源于新热带祖先的单系谱系。Dissotis，目前最大的属(120 spp.)在非洲-Madagacan Melastateae中，似乎是多系的。尽管非洲-马达加斯加野牡丹具有高度的多样性，但到目前为止只有17种被纳入分子系统学研究。由于缺乏全面的形态和分子处理，野牡丹亚科非洲属、马达加斯加属和亚洲属之间的亲缘关系尚未完全解决，其形态和生物地理进化也鲜为人知。这一研究项目提出的主要目标是解决非洲-马达加斯加野牡丹属的属关系，其依据是密集的分类群抽样，包括代表非洲和马达加斯加所有属120种的160份材料(以及选定的亚洲代表)，并对多个快速进化的基因组区域进行测序，辅之以在标本馆标本研究基础上对谱系进行仔细的形态和地理调查。由于对野牡丹亚科进一步的进化研究依赖于对这一鲜为人知的非洲谱系的深入分类学理解，因此系统的基础工作将是我们的首要目标。然后，分子树将被用来重建古热带野牡丹的分化时间、地理和形态多样性。纳入拟议的古地方病，如Cailliella、Pseudosbeckia、Dionchastrum和Nerophila，将有助于我们了解野牡丹亚科在非洲和马达加斯加的起源和传播。对该群花形态的研究将集中在雄蕊形态和异花药的进化上，这对传粉综合征有直接的(可能是快速的)影响，并可能代表该群多样化的一个关键性状。我们的成果将对计划中的植物区系处理产生强烈和直接的影响，例如，正在进行的中部非洲植物区系处理以及喀麦隆和加蓬植物区系的更新，因此有助于对这些地区的植物区系生物多样性进行调查。