Evolution of modern fish faunas: origins, phylogeny, biogeography and environmental adaptations

现代鱼类区系的进化：起源、系统发育、生物地理学和环境适应

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04359
• 负责人: Murray, Alison
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=744799
• 关键词: Evolution; modern; fish; faunas; origins

Fish represent well over 50% of all living vertebrates: they are extremely diverse and found in almost every aquatic habitat. They are commercially valuable as a major food source, as well as in the aquarium trade, and for recreational fishing. Despite their value, there is still a great deal unknown about the evolutionary relationships among many lineages, and how they adapted to their current habitats. This research proposal is to study key lineages of fish from the last 100 million years of life. This period spans a time of major adaptive radiation of different groups of fish as well as the mass extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous when the dinosaurs went extinct. Many fish lineages survived this extinction event, and others arose after the end-Cretaceous when new habitats became available with extinction of earlier forms. This mix of survivors and new species form our modern fish faunas. Study of the fish from the last 100 million years is important for understanding the evolution and distribution in geographic space and through geological time (historical biogeography) of modern fish. Fish are of particular biogeographical interest as they are limited in their dispersal abilities based on freshwater connections, abyssal sea depths, and land barriers, and so they are good indicators of past terrestrial and seaway connections, and past environmental conditions. We will study fish from about 9518 million years ago and compare them with living members of their lineages, in order to describe new forms and to document their adaptive diversity, determine their relationships, and understand how they came to be distributed in their current ranges and habitats. Many of the fish we will study are from commercially important groups, including the shads, herrings and anchovies. These studies will allow an understanding of how fish lineages adapted to changing environmental conditions in the past, and how they may respond to future environmental change. The new fossil fish that will be studied for this proposal will provide new avenues for exploration of the diversity of fishes before and after the end-Cretaceous extinction event, and give us an understanding of the adaptations of fish faunas to changing environments. Significant results expected of this proposal are to increase the number of fossil fish species known with descriptions of new taxa, to elucidate relationships among lineages previously unstudied, and to propose novel ideas on the evolution and changing environments that helped shape our modern fish faunas.

鱼代表所有生物脊椎动物的50％以上：它们非常多样化，几乎在每个水生栖息地都发现。它们在商业上作为主要食品来源以及水族馆贸易以及休闲捕鱼的价值。尽管它们的价值，但许多谱系之间的进化关系以及它们如何适应当前的栖息地仍然存在很多未知。这项研究建议是研究过去1亿年生命中鱼类的关键谱系。这一时期跨越了不同的鱼类的主要适应性辐射，以及恐龙灭绝时白垩纪结束时的大规模灭绝事件。许多渔血统在这一灭绝事件中幸存下来，而在最终白垩纪之后，当新的栖息地以早期形式灭绝时，就出现了。这种幸存者和新物种的混合形成了我们的现代鱼类动物群。对过去1亿年来对鱼类的研究对于理解地理空间的演变和分布至关重要，并通过现代鱼类的地质时代（历史生物地理）。鱼类特别具有生物地理兴趣，因为它们基于淡水连接，深处的海深处和地面屏障的限制，因此它们是过去陆地和海道连接以及过去环境条件的很好的指标。我们将研究大约9.518亿年前的鱼类，并将其与其血统的活着成员进行比较，以描述新形式并记录其自适应多样性，确定其关系，并了解如何在当前的范围和栖息地中分发它们。我们将研究的许多鱼都来自商业上重要的群体，包括阴影，鲱鱼和凤尾鱼。这些研究将使人们了解如何适应过去不断变化的环境条件以及它们如何应对未来的环境变化。 将为该提案进行研究的新化石鱼将为探索最终白垩纪灭绝事件之前和之后的鱼类多样性提供新的途径，并让我们了解鱼类动物对不断变化的环境的适应性。该提议的重大结果是增加具有新分类单元的描述，以阐明以前未研究的谱系之间的关系，并提出有关进化和不断变化的环境的新思想，以帮助塑造我们的现代鱼类动物。