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Extended Synthesis and Scientific Explanation: Challenges of Theoretical Expansion in Modern Biology

扩展合成和科学解释：现代生物学理论扩展的挑战

基本信息

批准号：
313437351
负责人：
Professor Dr. Jan Baedke
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Philosophie I
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/313437351?language=en
关键词：
Extended Synthesis Scientific Explanation Challenges

项目摘要

The explanatory paradigm of biology - the population-genetic, neo-Darwinian Modern Synthesis - which has been established in the middle of the 20th century, has recently been plunged into a crisis. Currently a growing number of biologists call for an expansion of evolutionary theory by a more developmentally orientated account, a so-called "Extended Synthesis." The novelty of this theory is widely discussed by biologists, historians of science as well as in public. Despite this broad interest in the current dynamics of modern biology, philosophers of science have yet neglected most widely investigating the challenges and problems going along with such a theoretical expansion and integration of conventional and progressive explanatory approaches. Meeting these challenges is the central aim of the proposed research project. Therefore, first, the conceptual foundations and the standards of causal and mechanistic explanation are systematically assessed in those novel fields that are said to drive the current revolutionary change in evolutionary theory, i.e. evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), epigenetics, and niche construction theory. Based on this investigation, second, a number of previously neglected inter- and intradisciplinary conflicts will be identified, which currently counteract theoretical integration. Subsequently, third, it will be analyzed due to which criteria and given which explanatory contexts the more developmentally orientated Extended Synthesis explains better than the neo-Darwinian Modern Synthesis. Thus, the proposed biophilosophical project not only contributes to a better understanding of the current theoretical change in biology. Moreover, it offers solutions that meet the challenges of theoretical integration and explanatory pluralism. In addition, it gives a new impetus to specifying the anthropological relevance of the current expansion of evolutionary theory by explanations that focus on ontogenetic processes and organism-environment interactions.

生物学的解释范式--种群遗传学、新达尔文主义的现代综合论--建立于20世纪中叶，最近陷入了危机。目前，越来越多的生物学家呼吁通过一种更加面向发展的解释来扩展进化论，即所谓的“扩展综合”。“这一理论的新奇被生物学家、科学史家以及公众广泛讨论。尽管科学哲学家对现代生物学的当前动态有着广泛的兴趣，但他们却忽视了对传统和渐进解释方法的理论扩展和整合所带来的挑战和问题的广泛调查。迎接这些挑战是拟议研究项目的中心目标。因此，首先，在那些被认为推动了进化理论当前革命性变革的新领域，即进化发育生物学（evo-devo），表观遗传学和生态位构建理论中，系统地评估了因果和机械解释的概念基础和标准。基于这一调查，第二，一些以前被忽视的跨学科和学科内的冲突将被确定，目前抵消理论整合。随后，第三，它将被分析，由于哪些标准，并给出了更发展导向的扩展综合解释比新达尔文主义的现代综合更好的解释背景。因此，拟议的生物学项目不仅有助于更好地理解当前生物学理论的变化。此外，它还提供了应对理论整合和解释多元化挑战的解决方案。此外，它提供了一个新的动力，以具体说明人类学的相关性，目前的扩展进化理论的解释，侧重于个体发育过程和有机体与环境的相互作用。