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Exploring the consequences of social responsiveness on leadership using an interactive biomimetic robotic fish

使用交互式仿生机器鱼探索社会反应对领导力的影响

基本信息

批准号：
313498612
负责人：
Dr. David Bierbach
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung 4: Biologie der Fische, Fischerei und Aquakultur
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/313498612?language=en
关键词：
Exploring consequences social responsiveness leadership

项目摘要

Individuals can differ consistently in how they respond to the behavior of their social partners. These differences may well affect interactions of individuals in a group, for example leadership. Leadership comprises two main functional aspects that both could be influenced by individual differences in social responsiveness: (i) a follower may base its decision on which leader to follow on the leaders´s behavior while (ii) a leader´s ability to lead may depend on its responsiveness to the behavior of the follower(s). However, empirical data on individual differences in social responsiveness in a leadership context is rare. It is difficult to measure and manipulate an individual's social responsiveness experimentally. In addition, a systematic manipulation of entire animal groups is often not feasible. One approach to overcome these difficulties is to gain control over individuals´ behavior within a group. For that reason, I will use a newly available interactive biomimetic robotic fish system (Robofish). Robofish is accepted as a conspecific by guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and is able to integrate itself into shoals of live guppies. This is achieved through real-time tracking of both live animals and the Robofish that is then able to adjust its behavior to the live guppies´ actions. With this new tool, I try to answer the following fundamental questions. First, I ask whether guppies differ consistently in their social responsiveness. To answer this question, I will analyze the response of live guppies towards a Robofish that swims on a predefined path through an aquarium. Second, I ask whether an individual´s social responsiveness affects its ability to select among different leaders. I predict that the more socially responsive an individual is, the better it should make adaptive choices between different leaders. To test this prediction, guppies can choose between two simultaneously presented Robofish leaders. One of these two Robofish leaders will have been perceived beforehand as leading to a food source while the other one was not. The more responsive the individual guppy, the more it should follow the leader that was associated with food before. Third, I ask how the social responsiveness of leaders influence their ability to lead groups effectively. Strong leaders express most often their own preferences and, thus, are less socially responsive themselves. Theoretical models predict that those strong leaders are better able to lead larger groups compared to weak but more socially responsive ones. However, splitting events should increase when responsiveness of the leader is below certain thresholds. To test this prediction, I will manipulate interactive Robofish leaders´ social responsiveness and quantify the following behavior of live guppy groups of different size. My approach is new and the proposed experiments could provide empirical data to evaluate several recent theoretical models on collective motion and leadership in animal groups.

个体对其社会伙伴的行为的反应可能总是不同的。这些差异可能会很好地影响一个群体中个人的互动，例如领导力。领导力包括两个主要的功能方面，这两个方面都可能受到社会反应能力的个体差异的影响：(i)追随者可能根据领导者的行为来决定跟随哪个领导者，而（ii）领导者的领导能力可能取决于其对追随者行为的反应能力。然而，关于领导情境下社会反应的个体差异的实证数据很少。通过实验来测量和操纵个体的社会反应是很困难的。此外，系统地操纵整个动物群体往往是不可行的。克服这些困难的一种方法是在群体中获得对个人行为的控制。因此，我将使用一种新的交互式仿生机器鱼系统（Robofish）。机器鱼被孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）所接受，并能够融入活孔雀鱼的鱼群中。这是通过实时跟踪活的动物和机器鱼来实现的，然后机器鱼能够根据活的孔雀鱼的动作调整自己的行为。通过这个新工具，我试图回答以下基本问题。首先，我要问孔雀鱼的社会反应是否始终不同。为了回答这个问题，我将分析活的孔雀鱼对机器鱼的反应，机器鱼在水族馆中沿着预定的路径游泳。其次，我要问一个人的社会反应能力是否会影响他在不同领导者中进行选择的能力。我预测，一个人的社会反应能力越强，在不同的领导者之间做出适应性选择的能力就越强。为了验证这一预测，孔雀鱼可以在两个同时出现的机器鱼领导者之间做出选择。这两个机器鱼中的一个会事先被认为是引导食物来源，而另一个则不是。个体孔雀鱼的反应越灵敏，它就越应该跟随之前与食物有关的领导者。第三，我问领导者的社会反应能力如何影响他们有效领导团队的能力。强势的领导者通常只表达自己的偏好，因此，他们自己对社会的反应就不那么积极。理论模型预测，与那些对社会反应更敏感的弱势领导者相比，那些强大的领导者更能领导更大的群体。然而，当领导者的响应性低于一定的阈值时，分裂事件会增加。为了验证这一预测，我将操纵互动机器鱼领导者的社会反应，并量化不同规模的活孔雀鱼群体的以下行为。我的方法是新的，提出的实验可以提供经验数据来评估最近几个关于动物群体集体运动和领导的理论模型。