Spatial transformation and informal urban governance in Dhaka, Bangladesh

在全球化的影响下，孟加拉国正迅速实现城市化。到2020年，孟加拉国将有近一半的人口居住在城市地区。考虑到洪水灾害的限制，达卡的大都市区将面临巨大的压力，需要为额外的住房提供土地。适合城市发展的土地供应减少将进一步增加非正规市中心居民点的建筑密度，穷人正在这些居民点寻求获得城市生计。在追求生计的过程中，城市穷人冒着牺牲城市功能的风险，他们阻塞了车辆通道，侵占了为公共基础设施保留的土地，威胁公共健康，并在容易发生洪水的土地上定居。然而，法定规划制度不足以在个人和企业的切身利益与公共利益之间建立适当的平衡。拟议项目的基础是，必须在基层发展法定规划和“社会法规”之间的接口，以便实现更可持续的城市增长模式。因此，不同级别的城市规划管理之间的战略信息交流构成了研究设计的中心组成部分。将在参与性程序中与“社会法规”的非正式机构和法定规划系统分享从城市增长模型中得出并在情景中传达的关于城市未来状态的信息，以测试规划信息对有利于穷人和可持续的城市增长监管的作用。

Under the impact of globalisation Bangladesh is rapidly urbanising. By 2020 almost half of the population of Bangladesh will live in urban areas. The metropolitan area of Dhaka will come under intensive pressure to provide land for additional housing considering the restrictions set by flood hazards. The shrinking supply of land suitable for urban development will further increase building densities in informal inner city settlements where the poor are seeking access to urban livelihoods. In the pursuance of livelihoods the urban poor run the risk to sacrifice the functionality of the city by blocking vehicular access, encroaching upon land reserved for public infrastructure, threatening public health and settling on flood-prone land. The statutory planning system is, however, ill equipped to establish an appropriate balance between the vital interests of individual households and enterprises on the one hand and public welfare on the other. The proposed project is based on the proposition that the interface between statutory planning and `social regulation¿ at the grass-roots has to be developed in order to achieve more sustainable patterns of urban growth. The exchange of strategic information between the different levels of urban planning governance constitutes, therefore, the central component of the research design. Information on future states of the city derived from urban growth modelling and communicated in scenarios will be shared with both informal institutions of `social regulation¿ and the statutory planning system in participatory procedures in order to test the usefulness of planning information for pro-poor and sustainable urban growth regulation.