In situ tracer measurements with HAGAR-V during the HALO mission WISE and UTLS transport analysis based on POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA and WISE tracer data

在该项目的框架内，我们建议i）在2017年夏季的HALO WISE使命期间使用新的HAGAR-V仪器对一套示踪剂进行现场测量，以及ii）对WISE期间和2015/16年冬季POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA使命期间获得的HAGAR-V示踪剂数据进行科学分析。HAGAR-V结合了NH3分析仪的快速CO2测量、测量长寿命示踪剂（N2 O、CH 4、F12、F11、H1211、SF6、H2，每90秒一次）的双通道GC/ECD系统和针对短寿命示踪剂（NMHC和氯化烃，每90秒一次）的双通道GC/MS系统，这些示踪剂在中纬度对流层顶的局部寿命从几天到不到一年不等。由于这些示踪剂的化学时间尺度不同，它们的分布提供了关于迁移和混合时间尺度的补充信息;甚至有可能从这些观测中凭经验得出平流层迁移时间谱（“年龄谱”）。对HAGAR-V示踪剂数据的分析将有助于POLSTRACC、SALSA和WISE的科学专题，解决这些飞行任务中与UTLS运输有关的一些目标。特别是，将确定来自不同起源地区（极地涡旋、中纬度平流层、热带过渡层、亚洲季风区）的空气比例。最重要的是从SF6和（在LMS上部）从CO2计算空气的平均年龄。此外，经验年龄谱将使用来自CO2季节性变化的信息，更重要的是，从短命的HAGAR-V示踪剂。不同寿命的示踪剂的种类也允许在UTLS中的水平运输和混合的详细过程表征。这涉及调查Rossby波运输确定丝夹带从不同地区和评估其运输时间。将通过（非线性）示踪剂-示踪剂曲线中的所谓混合线来研究这种细丝与周围平流层的演变和不可逆混合。其他目标包括验证格洛丽亚IR成像仪，该成像仪观察许多HAGAR-V物种，以及验证化学传输模型，特别是拉格朗日CLaMS模型。

In the frame of this project we propose i) in situ measurements of a suite of tracers with the new HAGAR-V instrument during the HALO WISE mission in summer 2017, and ii) scientific analysis of HAGAR-V tracer data obtained during WISE and during the POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA mission in winter 2015/16. HAGAR-V combines a fast CO2 measurement by NDIR analyzer, a 2-channel GC/ECD-system measuring long-lived tracers (N2O, CH4, F12, F11, H1211, SF6, H2 every 90 s) and a 2-channel GC/MS system targeting short-lived tracers (NMHCs and chlorinated hydrocarbons every 90 s) with local lifetimes at the midlatitude tropopause ranging from several days to just under a year. Owing to their different chemical time scales, the distributions of these tracers provide complementary information on time scales of transport and mixing; it is even possible to empirically derive the spectrum of stratospheric transport times ("age spectrum") from such observations. The analysis of the HAGAR-V tracer data will contribute to the scientific topics of POLSTRACC, SALSA and WISE by addressing a number of these missions' objectives relating to UTLS transport. In particular, fractions of air from different regions of origin (polar vortex, mid-latitude stratosphere, tropical transition layer, Asian monsoon region) will be determined. Of central importance is the calculation of the mean age of air from SF6 and (in the upper LMS) from CO2. In addition, empirical age spectra will be derived using information from the CO2 seasonal variation and, more importantly, from the short-lived HAGAR-V tracers. The variety of tracers of different lifetimes also allows for a detailed process characterization of horizontal transport and mixing in the UTLS. This involves investigation of Rossby wave transport by identifying filaments entrained from different regions and assessing their transport time. The evolution and irreversible mixing of such filaments with the surrounding stratosphere will be investigated by so-called mixing lines in (non-linear) tracer-tracer curves. Additional goals include the validation of the GLORIA IR-imager, which observes many of the HAGAR-V species, and the validation of chemistry transport models, in particular the Lagrangian CLaMS model.