Nanomaterial Radioisotope Detectors for Intracellular Measurements

分析细胞对生理和药理化合物摄取的能力 敏感性和时间分辨率在理解潜在的分子途径方面起着关键作用 与人类的疾病和紊乱有关。在最具挑战性的分析物中，那些存在于非常低的 具有高时间变异性的浓度，以及缺乏光学和/或可接受部分的小分子 电化学检测。放射性同位素(RI)促进了对这些分析物的高灵敏度检测，最低限度 与荧光标记和其他分子标记相比，分析物质量和结构的扰动。β粒子 由于生物示踪剂的流行，包括32P、33P、35S和3H在内的发射体通常被用作生物示踪剂 生物分子中的原子。 尽管出现了新的分子分析方法，但RI仍然是广泛的 定量的生物、化学和环境研究。国际扶轮的标签在 对生物系统的研究，已经将近一个世纪了。尽管新的分析方法，包括质量 光谱分析，现在允许灵敏地检测无标记混合物，放射分析的高质量灵敏度是 无与伦比的，使放射分析不可或缺的一系列生化和生物医学研究。此外， 改进的检测能力，使RI检测能够更广泛地应用于新的生物医学研究 在高灵敏度的生物分子分析中，问题应该被证明是变革性的。 在这个SBIR应用中，我们建议继续开发专有的、受IP保护的、创新的核心-外壳 纳米材料能够实时地，在某些情况下，分子选择性地，直接检测低能RIS 在水样中。这些纳米材料可用于细胞内低能RI的测量。 标记的分析物。这样的测量将为新的研究调查提供种子，并将使闪烁 纳米技术公司是唯一提供进行此类测量的产品的商业实体。

The capability to analyze cellular uptake of physiological and pharmacological compounds with increasing sensitivity and temporal resolution plays a critical role in understanding the underlying molecular pathways involved in human diseases and disorders. Among the most challenging analytes are those present at very low concentrations with high temporal variability, and small molecules lacking moieties amenable for optical and/or electrochemical detection. Radioisotopes (RI) facilitate highly sensitive detection of these analytes, with minimal perturbation of analyte mass and structure, compared to fluorescent labels and other molecular tags. β-particle emitters, including 32P, 33P, 35S, and 3H are commonly used as biological tracers due to the prevalence of these atoms in biological molecules. Despite the advent of new molecular analysis approaches, RI remain the gold standard in a wide range of quantitative biological, chemical and environmental studies. RI labels have played a critical role in the investigation of biological systems, for almost a century. Though new analytical approaches, including mass spectrometry, now allow sensitive detection of label-free mixtures, the high mass sensitivity of radioassays is unparalleled, making radioassays indispensable for a range of biochemical and biomedical studies. Furthermore, improved detection capabilities that enable a broader application of RI detection to new biomedical research questions should prove transformational in high sensitivity biomolecular analyses. In this SBIR application, we propose to continue development of proprietary, IP-protected, innovative core-shell nanomaterials capable of real-time, and in some cases, molecularly selective, detection of low energy RIs directly in aqueous samples. These nanomaterials be demonstrated for intracellular measurement of low energy RI- labeled analytes. Such measurements would seed new research investigations and would position Scintillation Nanotechnologies INC as the only commercial entity providing products that perform such measurements.