Nanomaterial Radioisotope Detectors for Intracellular Measurements

分析细胞对生理和药理化合物的摄取的能力 灵敏度和时间分辨率在理解潜在的分子途径中起着至关重要的作用 涉及人类疾病和失调。最具挑战性的分析物是那些含量非常低的分析物 浓度具有高时间变异性，并且小分子缺乏适合光学和/或 电化学检测。放射性同位素 (RI) 有助于对这些分析物进行高度灵敏的检测，且只需极少的 与荧光标记和其他分子标签相比，分析物质量和结构的扰动。 β粒子 发射体，包括 32P、33P、35S 和 3H，由于这些发射体的普遍存在，通常用作生物示踪剂 生物分子中的原子。 尽管出现了新的分子分析方法，RI 仍然是许多领域的黄金标准 定量生物、化学和环境研究。 RI 标签在其中发挥了关键作用 对生物系统的研究已有近一个世纪的历史。尽管新的分析方法，包括质量 光谱法，现在可以灵敏地检测无标记混合物，放射测定的高质量灵敏度是 无与伦比，使得放射测定对于一系列生化和生物医学研究不可或缺。此外， 改进的检测能力，使 RI 检测能够更广泛地应用于新的生物医学研究 问题应该证明在高灵敏度生物分子分析中具有变革性。 在此 SBIR 应用中，我们建议继续开发专有的、受知识产权保护的创新核壳结构 能够实时（在某些情况下，分子选择性）直接检测低能量 RI 的纳米材料 在水性样品中。这些纳米材料被证明可用于低能量 RI- 的细胞内测量 标记的分析物。这样的测量将引发新的研究调查，并将定位闪烁 Nanotechnologies INC 是唯一提供执行此类测量的产品的商业实体。

The capability to analyze cellular uptake of physiological and pharmacological compounds with increasing sensitivity and temporal resolution plays a critical role in understanding the underlying molecular pathways involved in human diseases and disorders. Among the most challenging analytes are those present at very low concentrations with high temporal variability, and small molecules lacking moieties amenable for optical and/or electrochemical detection. Radioisotopes (RI) facilitate highly sensitive detection of these analytes, with minimal perturbation of analyte mass and structure, compared to fluorescent labels and other molecular tags. β-particle emitters, including 32P, 33P, 35S, and 3H are commonly used as biological tracers due to the prevalence of these atoms in biological molecules. Despite the advent of new molecular analysis approaches, RI remain the gold standard in a wide range of quantitative biological, chemical and environmental studies. RI labels have played a critical role in the investigation of biological systems, for almost a century. Though new analytical approaches, including mass spectrometry, now allow sensitive detection of label-free mixtures, the high mass sensitivity of radioassays is unparalleled, making radioassays indispensable for a range of biochemical and biomedical studies. Furthermore, improved detection capabilities that enable a broader application of RI detection to new biomedical research questions should prove transformational in high sensitivity biomolecular analyses. In this SBIR application, we propose to continue development of proprietary, IP-protected, innovative core-shell nanomaterials capable of real-time, and in some cases, molecularly selective, detection of low energy RIs directly in aqueous samples. These nanomaterials be demonstrated for intracellular measurement of low energy RI- labeled analytes. Such measurements would seed new research investigations and would position Scintillation Nanotechnologies INC as the only commercial entity providing products that perform such measurements.