Contribution of clouds to radiative diabatic heating and cooling, from synergy of airborne lidar, radar, and imager observations

机载激光雷达、雷达和成像仪观测的协同作用，云对辐射非绝热加热和冷却的贡献

• 批准号: 316834395
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Bernhard Mayer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/316834395?language=en
• 关键词: Contribution; clouds; radiative; diabatic; heating

Clouds can be organized in different ways: from randomly scattered shallow cumulus clouds up to mesoscale systems which can influence global dynamic processes by diabatic heating and cooling which is a limiting factor in current weather prediction systems. To fill gaps in our knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of diabatic heat sources and sinks, a 3D characterization of cloud macro- and microphysics is indispensable.Aim of this proposal is to add our spectral visible and near infrared imager specMACS to the NARVAL- 2/NAWDEX instrumentation, which is strongly supported by both mission teams (see umbrella proposals). Similar to the upcoming EarthCARE satellite mission (scheduled 2018), the payload would combine vertical sounding radar and lidar with passive spectral imaging in parallel viewing direction. The imaging component would complement the nadir-viewing active sensors with important information on representativity across flight-track and add the possibility to retrieve cloud microphysical properties. The sensor was already successfully flown on the HALO mission ACRIDICON 2014 with horizontal viewing direction.With the completed instrumentation we want to answer the following research questions:> How large is the information gain by adding the imager to the lidar/radar measurements?> How do cloud microphysics connect with water vapor concentrations along Warm Conveyor Belts?> How do cloud macro- and microphysics evolve during the lifetime of a cloud system?> How large is the cloud contribution to diabatic radiiative heating and cooling? To answer these questions, we apply for two PhD projects:Project 1 will focus on spatial distributions of cloud microphysics of convective clouds through all stages of their life-cycle. Thermodynamic phase, effective radius, and optical thickness will be derived through adaptation of existing retrievals. Important improvements are expected by including cloud geometry information for the complete imager swath derived from a combination of radar, lidar, and imager based methods.Project 2 will focus on the microphysics of high ice clouds. Ice water content, particle size, and particle concentration will be derived using a synergistic lidar/radar/imager retrieval. Spectral radiance observations will be added to an existing lidar/radar method as an additional constraint and a means to extend information from the along-track line to a wider swath around the flight path. Both projects will use their results to reconstruct three dimensional cloud macro- and microphysics and, based on these, will quantify how strong clouds act as a source and sink of diabatic heat (radiative heating and cooling and latent heat). They therefore contribute directly to research area B "Formation, Evolution and Radiative Effects of Clouds and Precipitation" of the HALO priority program and are important contributions to the central goals of NAWDEX and NARVAL-2.

云可以以不同的方式组织：从随机分散的浅积云到可以通过非绝热加热和冷却影响全球动力过程的中尺度系统，这是当前天气预报系统的一个限制因素。为了填补我们对非绝热热源和汇的时空分布知识的空白，云宏观和微观物理的三维表征是必不可少的。该提案的目的是将我们的光谱可见光和近红外成像仪添加到NARVAL- 2/NAWDEX仪器中，这得到了两个任务团队的大力支持（见提案）。与即将到来的EarthCARE卫星任务（计划于2018年）类似，有效载荷将结合垂直探测雷达和激光雷达，并在平行观测方向上进行被动光谱成像。成像组件将为最低点观测主动传感器提供重要的飞行轨迹代表性信息，并增加检索云微物理特性的可能性。该传感器已经成功地在水平观测方向上执行了HALO任务ac嘲笑2014。有了完成的仪器，我们想要回答以下研究问题：>通过将成像仪添加到激光雷达/雷达测量中，信息增益有多大？云微物理是如何与沿暖传送带的水蒸气浓度联系起来的？在云系统的生命周期中，云的宏观和微观物理是如何演变的？云对绝热辐射加热和冷却的贡献有多大？为了回答这些问题，我们申请了两个博士项目：项目一将重点研究对流云生命周期各阶段的云微物理空间分布。热力学相位、有效半径和光学厚度将通过对现有检索的适应而得到。通过结合雷达、激光雷达和基于成像仪的方法，为完整的成像仪图像提供云几何信息，预计会有重要的改进。项目2将专注于高空冰云的微观物理。冰水含量、颗粒大小和颗粒浓度将通过协同激光雷达/雷达/成像仪检索得到。光谱辐射观测将被添加到现有的激光雷达/雷达方法中，作为一种额外的约束和一种将信息从沿航迹线扩展到飞行路径周围更宽范围的手段。这两个项目都将利用他们的结果重建三维云的宏观和微观物理学，并在此基础上量化强云作为非绝热（辐射加热、冷却和潜热）的源和汇的作用。因此，它们直接有助于HALO优先计划的研究领域B“云和降水的形成、演变和辐射效应”，并且是对NAWDEX和NARVAL-2中心目标的重要贡献。

项目成果

Synergy of Active- and Passive Remote Sensing: An Approach to Reconstruct Three-Dimensional Cloud Macro- and Microphysics

主动与被动遥感协同：三维云宏观与微观物理重建方法

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-2020-49
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
• 作者: Höppler;Gödde;Gutleben;Kölling;Zinner
• 通讯作者: Zinner

A High-Altitude Long-Range Aircraft Configured as a Cloud Observatory: The NARVAL Expeditions

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-18-0198.1
• 发表时间: 2019-06
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: B. Stevens;F. Ament;S. Bony;S. Crewell;Florian Ewald;S. Groß;Akio Hansen;L. Hirsch;M. Jacob;T. Kölling;Heike Konow;B. Mayer;M. Wendisch;M. Wirth;Kevin Wolf;S. Bakan;M. Bauer-Pfundstein;M. Brueck;J. Delanoë;A. Ehrlich;D. Farrell;Marvin Forde;Felix Gödde;H. Grob;M. Hagen;E. Jäkel;F. Jansen;C. Klepp;M. Klingebiel;M. Mech;G. Peters;M. Rapp;A. Wing;T. Zinner