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The Houses with Balcony Access in Dessau-Törten. Reconstruction and analysis of the planning, construction and usage history of the project of the Bauhaus Dessau under the direction of Hannes Meyer

德绍-托尔滕带阳台的房屋。

基本信息

批准号：
316920114
负责人：
Professor Philipp Oswalt
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Baugeschichte, Architekturtheorie und Denkmalpflege (IBAD)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/316920114?language=en
关键词：
Houses Balcony Access Dessau rten.

项目摘要

The to date little-researched Houses with Balcony Access in Dessau-Törten are the most important and - apart from the demolished Haus Nolden - the only building project realised by the building department of the historic Bauhaus. They manifest the Bauhaus concept of combining research-based education with practice and of processing and realising practical design tasks in the classroom. At the same time the Houses with Balcony Access are an important contribution to the then current debate concerning housing for the subsistence minimum and the debate about modern urban typologies. Built after the onset of the Great Depression in 1929/1930, they represent the start of a new phase of modern architecture: Based on a conscious rejection of the meanwhile firmly established formal and stylistic conventions, Meyer and the teachers and students involved in the project sought a consistent orientation towards efficiency and usage, which among other things led to the use of local building materials, the application of new technologies and modern, collective housing typologies. The first part of the research project will reconstruct the progression of the urban development concept for the expansion of the Dessau-Törten Estate. This will cover the controversial formation of political will as well as the design conception. The latter will involve an investigation of Hannes Meyers influence and, especially, Ludwig Hilberseimers role. The only partly realised estate is the first practical example of the concept of a mixed development, formulated shortly before by Hilberseimer. This at the time completely new concept not only contributed significantly to the debate on new building typologies, but was also defining for Hilberseimers further career (e.g. project Lafayette Park in Detroit, 1956). The second part of the research project turns toward the object planning, for which the Bauhaus building department was responsible. It will examine which teachers and students played a part in this and which idea and concepts influenced the development process. How were design and architecture taught? How was the practice of design and construction conceived in the building department, and which other Bauhaus departments participated in the project? Which understanding of architecture and which educational concept were reflected here? The third part of the research project focuses on the history of reception and construction: How was the project received by the users, by the city of Dessau and in professional circles? How was the building used, altered and restored during its decades of use up to the present day? Sources of information consulted in order to answer this last question will include not only archival documentation, but also the users and the building itself. Users will be questioned in structured interviews and information will be sourced from a site survey of one of the buildings, building restoration research and archaeological excavations.

迄今为止，德绍-特尔滕的带阳台通道的房屋是最重要的，除了被拆除的豪斯诺登之外，这是历史悠久的建筑豪斯的建筑部门实现的唯一建筑项目。它们体现了包豪斯将研究型教育与实践相结合，在课堂上处理和实现实际设计任务的理念。与此同时，带阳台的住房对当时关于最低生活保障住房的辩论和关于现代城市类型的辩论作出了重要贡献。建于1929/1930年大萧条开始后，它们代表了现代建筑新阶段的开始：在有意识地拒绝同时牢固建立的形式和风格惯例的基础上，迈耶和参与该项目的教师和学生寻求对效率和使用的一致取向，这导致了当地建筑材料的使用，新技术和现代集体住房类型的应用。研究项目的第一部分将重建城市发展概念的进展，以扩大德绍-特尔滕庄园。这将包括有争议的政治意愿的形成以及设计概念。后者将涉及对Hannes Meyers影响的调查，特别是Ludwig Hilberseimers的作用。唯一部分实现的地产是混合开发概念的第一个实际例子，不久前由Hilberseimer制定。这在当时是一个全新的概念，不仅对新建筑类型的辩论做出了重大贡献，而且也为Hilberseimers的进一步职业生涯做出了定义（例如1956年底特律的拉斐特公园项目）。研究项目的第二部分转向对象规划，这是包豪斯建筑部门负责的。它将研究哪些教师和学生在这方面发挥了作用，哪些思想和概念影响了发展过程。设计和建筑是如何被教授的？建筑系的设计和施工实践是如何构思的，还有哪些其他包豪斯系参与了这个项目？这里体现了什么样的建筑理解和教育理念？研究项目的第三部分集中在接受和建设的历史：用户、德绍市和专业界是如何接受该项目的？这座建筑在几十年的使用中是如何被使用、改造和修复的？为了回答最后一个问题，所咨询的信息来源不仅包括档案文件，还包括使用者和建筑物本身。用户将在结构化访谈中接受询问，信息将来自对其中一座建筑的现场调查、建筑修复研究和考古发掘。