Abatement of NOx emissions from pulse detonation combustion

脉冲爆震燃烧减少氮氧化物排放

• 批准号: 317741329
• 负责人: Professorin Dr.-Ing. Neda Djordjevic
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgebiet Verbrennungskinetik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/317741329?language=en
• 关键词: Abatement; NOx; emissions; pulse; detonation

With the aim of developing highly efficient, load-flexible and low-emission gas turbines utilizing sustainable energy carriers produced via power-to-gas (PtG) or power-to-liquid (PtL) processes, significant scientific efforts on implementing pressure gain combustion (PGC) are ongoing. Pulse detonation combustion (PDC) represents one possible concept for practical implementation. Here, investigations on the emission behavior play a decisive role. Due to very high temperatures and pressures within detonation waves, the consideration of NOx emissions is especially important. The present research project is a continuation project based on the findings of the previous project on the quantification of NOx emissions from a hydrogen-powered PDC and the application of primary NOx reduction measures. NOx concentrations measured in the exhaust gas were thereby reduced by at least one order of magnitude using the conventional reduction measures of lean combustion and exhaust gas recirculation (emulated by nitrogen dilution). A consideration of the influence of these reduction measures on the detonability of resulting combustion mixtures on the basis of the characteristic detonation cell size showed that an improvement of the plant-specific capability for detonation initiation (i.e. the limits of a successful deflagration-to-detonation transition, DDT) holds further potential for NOx reduction. The first goal of this project is therefore to enable further reduction of NOx emissions by suitable experimental adaptations such as the extension of the DDT section and/or a stratification of the fuel distribution within the combustion chamber, with the aim of meeting the legal emissions limits during operation with hydrogen. The second aspect of the present research project is the extension of the investigations to the operation with hydrocarbons, whereby ethylene serves as a surrogate for higher hydrocarbons. Their use means a completely different starting position for the reaction kinetic processes and thus has a significant influence on the emissions of NOx as well as of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC). The interaction with these additionally formed pollutants is still largely unexplored for detonation combustion. This includes both the effect of operating conditions as well as the reduction of pollutant emissions through appropriate primary measures. In addition to the experimental investigations, numerical and kinetic analyses provide an in-depth understanding of underlying physico-chemical processes of pollutant formation in PDC and thus lay the foundation for the development of low emission detonation-based combustion systems.

为了开发高效，负载灵活和低排放的燃气轮机，利用通过电力到天然气（PtG）或电力到液体（PtL）过程生产的可持续能源载体，正在进行实施压力增益燃烧（PGC）的重大科学工作。脉冲爆震燃烧（PDC）代表了一种用于实际实施的可能概念。在这里，对排放行为的研究起着决定性的作用。由于爆震波内的温度和压力非常高，因此对NOx排放的考虑尤为重要。目前的研究项目是一个延续项目的基础上，从氢动力PDC的氮氧化物排放量的量化和主要的氮氧化物减排措施的应用程序的研究结果。因此，使用稀薄燃烧和废气再循环（通过氮气稀释模拟）的传统减少措施，废气中测量的氮氧化物浓度降低了至少一个数量级。考虑这些减少措施的基础上得到的燃烧混合物的特征爆震细胞大小的可爆性的影响表明，提高工厂特定的能力爆震启动（即成功的爆燃到爆震过渡，DDT的限制）持有进一步的潜力减少NOx。因此，本项目的第一个目标是通过适当的实验调整（如延长DDT部分和/或燃烧室内燃料分布分层）进一步减少NOx排放，目的是在使用氢气运行期间满足法律的排放限值。本研究项目的第二个方面是将研究扩展到烃类操作，其中乙烯作为高级烃的替代物。它们的使用意味着反应动力学过程的完全不同的起始位置，因此对NOx以及一氧化碳（CO）和未燃烧的烃（UHC）的排放具有显著影响。与这些额外形成的污染物的相互作用在很大程度上仍然是未开发的爆震燃烧。这包括操作条件的影响以及通过适当的主要措施减少污染物排放。除了实验研究，数值和动力学分析提供了一个深入的了解底层的物理化学过程中的污染物形成的PDC，从而奠定了基础，低排放的爆炸为基础的燃烧系统的发展。