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Variation and Grammaticalization in Verbal Scene Constructions

言语场景结构中的变异和语法化

基本信息

批准号：
318196760
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Gabriele Diewald
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung Sprachwissenschaft
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/318196760?language=en
关键词：
Variation Grammaticalization Verbal Scene Constructions

项目摘要

The project investigates constructional variation in the verbs bekommen, kriegen (both: get, obtain, manage to do) verdienen (earn, deserve) and lassen (let, allow, make) in Present-day German with regard to the respective structures of the verbal scene and the degrees of grammaticalization. This complex object of investigation is dubbed verbal scene construction to emphasize that the focus is not only on argument structure or parts of the proposition. Instead, the complete semantic-cognitive pattern of a sentence is looked at as a constructional entity. Though the verbs are used as naming labels for their constructions, the meaning and function of the latter is investigated in an integrative manner. This includes features concerning the relational composition of the verbal scene, its argument structure and aspectuality. The verbs investigated display a high degree of polyfunctionality between lexical, idiomatic and grammaticalized usages as well as great constructional variation. This is shown in the examples with bekommen. (1) shows the grammaticalized usage as bekommen-passive; (2) and (3) are semi-auxiliary usages with modal and aspectual values; (4) and (5) show fully lexical verbs with their divergent argument structures and verbal meanings. (1) Sie bekommt die Haare geschnitten. She gets her hair cut. (2) In diesem Job bekommt sie furchtbare Dinge zu sehen. In this job, she gets to see horrible things. (3) Sie bekommt das bis heute Abend geregelt. She will manage to get this done by tonight. (4) Soviel Milch bekommt einer Katze nicht. This much milk is not tolerated by / is not good for a cat. (5) Sie bekommt das Mineralwasser. She gets the mineral water. The aim is to elucidate the interdependency of the variation and grammaticalization of verbal scene constructions and the degrees of auxiliarization in the verbs involved, and to establish grammaticalization paths of a new type with verbal scene constructions, i.e. holistic entities, as the primary content of the scales. The known linear ordering of scales is seen to be not sufficient for representing verbal scene constructions, instead, it is necessary to work with network-like, multidimensional structures to represent polygrammaticalization and lexicalization likewise. The empirical foundation is a corpus-based study of all constructions containing the four verbs. The theoretical background is composed of grammaticalization research, construction grammar and cognitive linguistics (frame semantics, theory of deixis). The intended outcome is threefold: (i) the focus on the variation of verbal scene constructions and their grammaticalization paths fills a gap in the research of grammaticalization processes, (ii) for the first time, the constructional foundation of language variation is the fundamental starting point (iii) the claim of construction grammar concerning the priority of the concept of construction is applied in an exemplary way in the field researched here.

该项目研究了现代德语动词bekommen、kriegen（都是：得到、获得、设法做）、verdienen（赚、应得）和lassen（让、允许、制造）在动词场景的各自结构和语法化程度方面的构式变化。这种复杂的研究对象被称为言语场景构建，以强调重点不仅仅是论点结构或命题的一部分。相反，一个句子的完整的语义认知模式被看作是一个结构实体。虽然动词是作为其构式的命名标签，但后者的意义和功能是从整体上考察的。这包括有关动词场景的关系组成，其论点结构和体的功能。所研究的动词在词汇、成语和语法化用法之间表现出高度的多功能性，以及巨大的结构变化。这在bekommen的例子中得到了证明。(1)（2）和（3）是半助动词用法，具有情态和体义;（4）和（5）是完全词汇动词用法，具有不同的论元结构和动词意义。(1)你把头发剪了。她剪了头发。(2)在这份工作中，她看到了自己。在这份工作中，她会看到可怕的事情。(3)您知道今天晚上会发生什么。她会设法在今晚之前完成这件事的。(4)苏联的牛奶不需要一个卡策。猫不能忍受这么多牛奶/对猫不好。（5）Sie bekommtdas Mineralwasser。她得到了矿泉水。目的是阐明动词性场景结构的变异与语法化之间的相互依存关系以及动词的具体化程度，并建立以动词性场景结构即整体实体为主要内容的新型语法化路径。已知的线性排序的规模被认为是不足以代表动词场景的建设，相反，它是必要的工作与网络状，多维结构，以表示多语法化和词汇化同样。实证的基础是基于语料库的研究，所有的结构包含四个动词。语法化研究、构式语法和认知语言学（框架语义学、指示理论）构成了本文的理论背景。预期成果有三个方面：（1）对动词场景构式的变异及其语法化路径的关注填补了语法化过程研究的空白;（2）第一次，语言变异的结构基础是根本出发点（三）构式语法关于构式概念优先性的主张在本文所研究的领域中以示例的方式应用。