REstoration and prognosis of PEAT formation in fens. Linking diversity in plant functional traits to soil biological and biogeochemical processes

沼泽地 PEAT 形成的恢复和预后。

• 批准号: 318316996
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hans Joosten
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Moor- und Paläoökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/318316996?language=en
• 关键词: REstoration; prognosis; PEAT; formation; fens.

Belowground biodiversity is formed by fungi, bacteria, archaea, animals and plants that altogether affect soil functioning, particularly by controlling rates of production and decomposition of organic matter. Peat soils, being the most concentrated stores of soil carbon, are formed by a long-term net exceedance of production over decomposition. In Europe most peatlands, especially fens, are severely degraded. Little is known about drivers and pathways that determine whether peat formation and related ecosystem services and biodiversity are truly reinstated after rewetting. Previous research has focused on rainwater-fed bogs with upward growing peatmoss. In groundwater-fed fens roots of sedges grow into the older peat to form displacement peat. REPEAT aims to clarify the mechanisms of peat formation in fens by linking biogeochemical processes to soil community structure and biodiversity, as well as to plant belowground traits. Restoration and paludiculture (biomass harvest) providing vital ecosystem services for mitigation of climate change, regional hydrology, nutrient retention and biodiversity receive special attention. The main research question is: How do environmental factors and human management interact with soil biodiversity in determining rates of peat accumulation in undrained and rewetted fens? This project is the first to systematically address fen peat formation, the predominant mechanism of the temperate zone, using an interdisciplinary, multi-method and multi-site approach. It focuses on both the least disturbed and the most disturbed fens and investigates the restorability of the latter ones, while covering all major EU fen regions. To compare undrained, drained and rewetted fens, we analyse ecosystem processes in-situ in four countries, supplemented by ex-situ mesocosm and laboratory experiments. The project is organised in 8 work packages (Co-ordination and management, State variables, Peat accumulation rates, Decomposers diversity, Producers diversity, Modelling, Scientific integration, Outreach). In the EU, GHG fluxes from most drained fens must be mandatorily accounted from 2021 onwards, which will boost peatland rewetting. Peatland restoration responds also to the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 and the CBD Aichi Goals. Guidance on biodiversity-driven mechanisms of carbon sequestration and ecosystem resilience is urgently needed. Stakeholders in participating countries will be integrated through workshops, side events, and field days. Endusers at the EU, national, and regional level are identified. A key stakeholder (Wetlands International) is involved as a consortium partner. The project will advance the knowledge base for process-oriented restoration of fens and will directly impact the application of related policy. REPEAT will consolidate the peatland ecology expertise of five institutions covering the most important European fen regions to obtain the best state-of-the-art knowledge fen peat formation processes.

地下生物多样性是由真菌、细菌、古菌、动物和植物形成的，它们共同影响土壤的功能，特别是通过控制有机物质的生产和分解速度。泥炭土是土壤碳的最集中的储存地，是由长期的生产与分解的净平衡形成的。在欧洲，大多数泥炭地，特别是沼泽地，严重退化。人们对决定泥炭形成和相关生态系统服务及生物多样性在复湿后是否真正恢复的驱动因素和途径知之甚少。以前的研究集中在雨水喂养的沼泽与向上生长的泥炭。在地下水灌溉的沼泽中，莎草的根长入较老的泥炭中，形成置换泥炭。REPEAT旨在通过将生物地球化学过程与土壤群落结构和生物多样性以及植物地下特征联系起来，阐明沼泽中泥炭形成的机制。恢复和沼泽地养殖（生物量收获）为缓解气候变化、区域水文、养分保持和生物多样性提供了重要的生态系统服务，受到特别关注。主要研究问题是：环境因素和人类管理如何与土壤生物多样性相互作用，以确定不排水和再湿润沼泽中泥炭积累的速率？该项目是第一个系统地解决沼泽泥炭形成，温带的主要机制，使用跨学科，多方法和多地点的方法。它重点关注受干扰最少和受干扰最严重的沼泽，并研究后者的可恢复性，同时覆盖欧盟所有主要沼泽地区。为了比较不排水，排水和再湿润沼泽，我们分析了生态系统过程原位在四个国家，补充了异位围隔和实验室实验。该项目分为8个工作包（协调和管理，状态变量，泥炭积累率，分解者多样性，生产者多样性，建模，科学整合，外展）。在欧盟，从2021年起，大多数排水沼泽的温室气体通量必须强制核算，这将促进泥炭地重新湿润。泥炭地的恢复也符合欧盟2020年生物多样性战略和CBD爱知目标。迫切需要就生物多样性驱动的碳固存和生态系统复原力机制提供指导。将通过讲习班、会外活动和实地考察日，使参与国的利益攸关方参与进来。确定了欧盟、国家和区域层面的最终用户。一个关键的利益攸关方（湿地国际）作为联合体伙伴参与。该项目将推进以过程为导向的围栏恢复的知识基础，并将直接影响相关政策的应用。REPEAT将整合五个机构的泥炭地生态专业知识，涵盖欧洲最重要的沼泽地区，以获得最先进的沼泽泥炭形成过程的知识。