Exploring the re-emergence of grammar: The Russian new vocative in an interplay of morphology, phonology and phonetics

呼召性表达指的是我们用来直接称呼某人的语言方式。通过对俄语“新”呼召表达的个案研究，本项目旨在回答一般语言学中有关呼召表达的经验和理论问题，包括在多种标记策略（如形态学和韵律等）的相互作用下，新呼召以何种方式在语言上进行标记，以及语言理论如何模拟这些相互作用。本研究的三个具体研究问题是：(1)现代俄语中是否存在新感召的语音语法？（ii）在新感召语的语境中，语音学是如何与词法和音系相互作用的？（三）如何通过形态学、音韵学和语音学的相互作用来塑造新的呼召词？为了解决这些问题，我们利用俄罗斯国家语料库中的文本数据和多模态俄语语料库中的音频数据进行了基于语料库的研究。迄今为止的研究结果表明：(1)新的感召词不仅具有形态学特征，而且具有韵律特征，例如使用独特的语调；(2)与其他词类相比，新呼召词在词尾障碍修饰的实施上存在不规范现象。更详细的结果将在未来几年以期刊论文的形式发表。综上所述，本研究有助于促进我们对普通语言学中召唤类型和进化以及形态-语音-语音界面理论的理解。

Vocative expressions refer to the linguistic means that we use to directly address someone. Through a case study of the Russian “new” vocative expressions, the current project aimed to answer empirical and theoretical questions on vocative expressions in general linguistics, which include in what way the new vocatives are linguistically marked in an interplay of multiple marking strategies (such as morphology and prosody etc.) and how linguistic theories can model those interactions. Three specific research questions of the current study were as follows: (i) Is there a phonetic grammar of the new vocative in present-day Russian?; (ii) How does phonetics interact with morphology and phonology in the context of the new vocative?; (iii) How can the new vocative be modeled through the interplay of morphology, phonology and phonetics?To address these questions, corpus-based studies were conducted by utilizing the text data in the Russian National Corpus and the audio data in the Multimodal Russian Corpus. The results so far demonstrated that (i) the new vocative is marked not only by morphology, but also by prosody such as the use of distinctive intonation; (ii) the new vocative shows irregularities in the implementation of word-final obstruent devoicing, compared with other word classes. More detailed results will be published as a journal paper in the upcoming years.Taken together, the current study contributed to advance our understanding of the vocative typology and evolution as well as the morphology-phonology-phonetics interface theories in general linguistics.