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Legal aspects of criminal proceedings concerning international core crimes in criminal courts of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina; with focus on questions of individual criminal liability and sentencing issues.

塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那刑事法院涉及国际核心罪行的刑事诉讼的法律问题；

基本信息

批准号：
321941942
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Sabine Swoboda
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Strafrecht und Strafprozessrecht (Bernsmann)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/321941942?language=en
关键词：
Legal aspects criminal proceedings concerning

项目摘要

The project focuses on analyzing criminal judgements by national criminal courts of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on international core crimes committed in the Yugoslavian Civil War of 1991 to 1995. The analysis concentrates on the modes of individual criminal liability, accompanied by a systematic examination of individual sentencing.The project centers on criminal judgements that deal with complex modes of participation, in particular with perpetrators who acted together with or in the context of a collective criminal enterprise or whose contributions substantially furthered the criminal purposes of a collective criminal enterprise.On the basis of these judgements the project discusses traditional and new modes of individual criminal liability (in particular Joint Criminal Enterprise and Command Responsibility).The project examines whether(i) the modes of individual criminal liability that have been developed in customary international law are accepted by national courts as legitimate in the light of constitutional demands and human rights ;(ii) the traditional national modes of individual criminal liability (i.e. perpetrator and participant) are sufficient to depict all aspects and dimensions of the criminal injustice involved in participating in state crimes, and (iii) the terms according to which a post-conflict society assess the individual criminal responsibility of a perpetrator involved in collectively organized mass crimes. The focal point of interest is the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its Section I (the Special Chamber for War Crimes). This Court is the only court in the region that applies special international modes of responsibility like Joint Criminal Enterprise and Command Responsibility (even if only to crimes against humanity). By analyzing modes of individual criminal responsibility the project intends to illuminate specific aspects of the complex picture of collectively commited mass crimes during the Yugoslavian Civil War of 1991 to 1995. The criminological debate currently focuses on how to link the different explanations of how state crime emerges (developed from a micro, meso and macro perspective) in order to develop an overall picture of the macro-criminal activities that result in international core crimes. The criminological debate is, on the one hand, interested in the macro-criminal context of the crimes, but also in the individual contribution to the crime, and it attempts to define different degrees of individual responsibility for the criminal act.The judgements of the national courts of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in particular the judgements of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, are for the most part available online. We will translate these judgements in parts (concerning modes of liability and sentencing), compile corresponding analysis charts, conduct interviews with legal practitioners and - insofar as possible - draft a model form for individualized sentencing.

该项目侧重于分析塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那国家刑事法院对1991年至1995年南斯拉夫内战期间犯下的国际核心罪行作出的刑事判决。该项目侧重于个人刑事责任模式，并对个人量刑进行了系统的审查。项目的中心是涉及复杂参与模式的刑事判决，特别是涉及与集体犯罪企业一起或在集体犯罪企业的背景下行动的犯罪人，或其贡献大大促进了集体犯罪企业的犯罪目的的犯罪人。在这些判决的基础上，项目讨论了个人刑事责任的传统模式和新模式(特别是联合犯罪企业和指挥责任)。项目审查(1)根据宪法要求和人权，在习惯国际法中形成的个人刑事责任模式是否被国家法院接受为合法；(2)传统的国家个人刑事责任模式(即犯罪者和参与者)足以描述参与国家犯罪所涉及的刑事不公正的所有方面和层面，以及(3)冲突后社会评估参与集体有组织大规模犯罪的犯罪者的个人刑事责任的条件。感兴趣的焦点是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那法院及其第一科(战争罪特别分庭)。本法院是该区域唯一适用特别国际责任模式的法院，如联合犯罪企业和指挥责任(即使只适用于危害人类罪)。该项目通过分析个人的刑事责任模式，旨在阐明1991年至1995年南斯拉夫内战期间集体犯下的大规模罪行这一复杂图景的具体方面。犯罪学辩论目前的重点是如何将对国家犯罪如何产生的不同解释(从微观、中观和宏观角度发展)联系起来，以形成导致国际核心犯罪的宏观犯罪活动的总体图景。犯罪学辩论一方面对犯罪的宏观犯罪背景感兴趣，但也对个人对犯罪的贡献感兴趣，它试图界定个人对刑法的不同程度的责任。塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那国家法院的判决，特别是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那法院的判决，大部分可在网上查阅。我们将对这些判决进行部分翻译(涉及责任模式和量刑)，编制相应的分析图表，采访法律从业人员，并尽可能起草个性化量刑范本。