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Legal aspects of criminal proceedings concerning international core crimes in criminal courts of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina; with focus on questions of individual criminal liability and sentencing issues.

塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那刑事法院涉及国际核心罪行的刑事诉讼的法律问题；

基本信息

批准号：
321941942
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Sabine Swoboda
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Strafrecht und Strafprozessrecht (Bernsmann)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/321941942?language=en
关键词：
Legal aspects criminal proceedings concerning

项目摘要

The project focuses on analyzing criminal judgements by national criminal courts of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on international core crimes committed in the Yugoslavian Civil War of 1991 to 1995. The analysis concentrates on the modes of individual criminal liability, accompanied by a systematic examination of individual sentencing.The project centers on criminal judgements that deal with complex modes of participation, in particular with perpetrators who acted together with or in the context of a collective criminal enterprise or whose contributions substantially furthered the criminal purposes of a collective criminal enterprise.On the basis of these judgements the project discusses traditional and new modes of individual criminal liability (in particular Joint Criminal Enterprise and Command Responsibility).The project examines whether(i) the modes of individual criminal liability that have been developed in customary international law are accepted by national courts as legitimate in the light of constitutional demands and human rights ;(ii) the traditional national modes of individual criminal liability (i.e. perpetrator and participant) are sufficient to depict all aspects and dimensions of the criminal injustice involved in participating in state crimes, and (iii) the terms according to which a post-conflict society assess the individual criminal responsibility of a perpetrator involved in collectively organized mass crimes. The focal point of interest is the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its Section I (the Special Chamber for War Crimes). This Court is the only court in the region that applies special international modes of responsibility like Joint Criminal Enterprise and Command Responsibility (even if only to crimes against humanity). By analyzing modes of individual criminal responsibility the project intends to illuminate specific aspects of the complex picture of collectively commited mass crimes during the Yugoslavian Civil War of 1991 to 1995. The criminological debate currently focuses on how to link the different explanations of how state crime emerges (developed from a micro, meso and macro perspective) in order to develop an overall picture of the macro-criminal activities that result in international core crimes. The criminological debate is, on the one hand, interested in the macro-criminal context of the crimes, but also in the individual contribution to the crime, and it attempts to define different degrees of individual responsibility for the criminal act.The judgements of the national courts of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in particular the judgements of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, are for the most part available online. We will translate these judgements in parts (concerning modes of liability and sentencing), compile corresponding analysis charts, conduct interviews with legal practitioners and - insofar as possible - draft a model form for individualized sentencing.

该项目的重点是分析塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那国家刑事法院对 1991 年至 1995 年南斯拉夫内战期间所犯国际核心罪行的刑事判决。分析的重点是个人刑事责任的模式，同时对个人量刑进行系统审查。该项目的重点是处理复杂参与模式的刑事判决，特别是涉及与犯罪分子一起或参与犯罪行为的犯罪人的刑事判决。集体犯罪企业的背景或其贡献实质上促进了集体犯罪企业的犯罪目的。根据这些判断，该项目讨论了传统和新的个人刑事责任模式（特别是共同犯罪企业和指挥责任）。该项目审查（i）习惯国际法中制定的个人刑事责任模式是否被国家法院根据宪法要求和人权视为合法；（ii）传统的国家个人刑事责任模式（即犯罪者和参与者）足以描述参与国家犯罪的刑事不公正的所有方面和维度，以及（三）冲突后社会评估参与集体组织的大规模犯罪的犯罪者的个人刑事责任的条件。关注的焦点是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那法院及其第一分庭（战争罪特别分庭）。该法院是该地区唯一适用特殊国际责任模式的法院，例如共同犯罪企业和指挥责任（即使仅针对危害人类罪）。通过分析个人刑事责任的模式，该项目旨在阐明1991年至1995年南斯拉夫内战期间集体实施的大规模犯罪的复杂情况的具体方面。目前犯罪学辩论的重点是如何将国家犯罪如何出现的不同解释（从微观、中观和宏观角度发展）联系起来，以形成导致国际核心犯罪的宏观犯罪活动的整体情况。犯罪学辩论一方面关注犯罪的宏观犯罪背景，但也关注个人对犯罪的贡献，并试图界定个人对犯罪行为的不同程度的责任。塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那国家法院的判决，特别是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那法院的判决大部分可以在网上查阅。我们将对这些判决进行部分翻译（关于责任模式和量刑），编制相应的分析图表，对法律从业者进行访谈，并尽可能起草个性化量刑的范本。