Economic Aspects of Ecstacy Use

描述(由申请人提供)：这是第二次修订申请，建议调查摇头丸使用的经济方面。第二次修订包括审查员注意到的所有以前的优点，以及关于如何发现和处理使摇头丸的影响与其他非法物质的影响难以区分的多重共线性的细节。我们按照建议取消了一个具体目标。在此版本中还有许多其他较小的更改，在整个应用程序中以斜体分隔。多年来，摇头丸一直被认为是一种“安全”的药物，但最近的研究表明，它对人类健康造成了不利的生理和心理影响。然而，很少有研究研究摇头丸使用的经济方面。这项研究建议：(1)估计摇头丸在多大程度上有助于青少年(12-17岁)和青壮年(18-34岁)提高保健服务的利用率和费用；(2)估计摇头丸在多大程度上助长青少年(12-17岁)和青壮年(18-34岁)的犯罪/犯罪活动；(3)调查摇头丸与高中生(9-12年级)学习成绩的关系；(4)研究多种药物对摇头丸的经济方面产生不同影响的程度。这些目标将通过分析以下最近的公共使用数据集来实现：2002年、2003年和2004年全国药物使用与健康调查(N=164,902)以及2001年、2003年和2005年基于学校的青少年行为风险调查(N=42,613)。摇头丸使用者可能通过使用更昂贵的紧急服务和/或住院以及参与犯罪/犯罪活动而产生私人和社会成本。在高中学业成绩影响未来就业机会的程度上，狂喜对高中学业成绩的影响将产生深远的人力资本后果。该项目将是第一个对摇头丸使用的经济方面进行广泛全国性研究的项目。这项研究的见解将影响鼓励更多非卧床护理、减少参与犯罪犯罪和改善就业机会的政策。政策制定者、临床医生和其他医疗保健提供者、公共卫生组织、药物滥用项目人员、执法人员、学校管理人员和家庭成员将利用这项研究的结果来决定如何开发具有成本效益的治疗方法以及识别和转移未来摇头丸使用者的计划，并将其用于预防计划。研究、政策和实践之间的桥梁尚未成功建立。我们致力于通过专业会议、政策研讨会和其他分发渠道，如基于学校/大学的场所和基于社区的治疗计划，将这些发现传播给尽可能广泛的受众。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is the second revision of an application that proposes to investigate the economic aspects of ecstasy use. This second revision includes all the prior strengths noted by the reviewers, as well as details on how to detect and deal with multicollinearity that makes it difficult to separate the effect of ecstasy from that of other illicit substances. We eliminated one specific aim as recommended. There are many other smaller changes in this revision, demarcated by italics throughout this application. For many years ecstasy has had a deceptive reputation as a "safe" drug, but recent research has evidenced its adverse physiological and psychological effects on human health. Little research has however examined the economic aspects of ecstasy use. This study proposes to (1) Estimate the extent to which ecstasy contributes to higher utilization and cost of health services among adolescents (ages 12-17 years) and young adults (ages 18-34 years); (2) Estimate the extent to which ecstasy contributes to crime/delinquency activities among adolescents (ages 12-17 years) and young adults (ages 18-34 years); (3) Investigate the relationships between ecstasy and academic performance among high school students (grades 9 to 12); and (4) Examine the extent to which polydrugs differentially affect the economic aspects of ecstasy. These aims will be addressed by analyzing the following recent public use datasets: the 2002, 2003, and 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N=164,902) and the 2001, 2003, and 2005 school-based Youth Behavior Risk Survey (N=42,613). Ecstasy users may generate private and social costs through utilization of more costly emergency services and/or hospitalizations and involvement in crime/delinquency activity. To the extent that high school academic performance affects future job opportunities, the impact of ecstasy on high school academic performance will have far-reaching human capital consequences. This project will be the first broad national research of economic aspects of ecstasy use. Insights from the study will influence policies that encourage more ambulatory care, lower involvement in crime delinquency, and improved employment opportunities. Policy makers, clinicians and other health care providers, public health organizations, substance abuse program personnel, law enforcement personnel, school managers, and family members will use findings from this study as they decide how to develop cost-effective treatments as well as programs to identify and divert future Ecstasy Users to prevention programs. The bridge between research, policy, and practices has yet to be successfully established. We are committing to disseminate these findings to the widest audience possible, through professional conferences, policy workshops, and other distribution channels such as school/college-based venues and community-based treatment programs.