Economic Aspects of Ecstacy Use

描述（由申请人提供）：这是申请的第二次修订，提议调查摇头丸使用的经济方面。第二次修订包括了审稿人之前提到的所有优点，以及如何检测和处理多重共线性的细节，这使得很难将摇头丸的效果与其他非法物质分开。我们按照建议取消了一个特定的目标。在此修订中还有许多其他较小的更改，在整个应用程序中以斜体分隔。多年来，摇头丸一直被认为是一种“安全”的药物，但最近的研究证明了它对人体健康的不利生理和心理影响。然而，很少有研究调查摇头丸使用的经济方面。本研究建议：(1)估计摇头丸对青少年（12-17岁）和青壮年（18-34岁）较高的卫生服务利用率和成本的贡献程度；(2)估计摇头丸对青少年（12-17岁）和年轻人（18-34岁）犯罪/犯罪活动的影响程度；(3)调查高中生（9 ~ 12年级）迷幻药与学业成绩的关系；(4)检验多种药物对摇头丸经济方面的不同影响程度。这些目标将通过分析下列最近的公共使用数据集来实现：2002年、2003年和2004年全国药物使用和健康调查（N=164,902）和2001年、2003年和2005年以学校为基础的青少年行为风险调查（N=42,613）。摇头丸使用者可能因使用费用较高的紧急服务和/或住院治疗以及参与犯罪/犯罪活动而产生私人和社会成本。就高中学业成绩影响未来就业机会的程度而言，狂喜对高中学业成绩的影响将产生深远的人力资本后果。这个项目将是第一个广泛的国家研究摇头丸使用的经济方面。这项研究的见解将影响鼓励更多门诊护理、降低犯罪参与率和改善就业机会的政策。政策制定者、临床医生和其他卫生保健提供者、公共卫生组织、药物滥用项目人员、执法人员、学校管理者和家庭成员将利用这项研究的结果来决定如何开发具有成本效益的治疗方法和项目，以识别和转移未来的摇头丸使用者到预防项目。研究、政策和实践之间的桥梁尚未成功建立。我们正致力于通过专业会议、政策研讨会和其他传播渠道，如学校/大学场所和社区治疗项目，向尽可能广泛的受众传播这些发现。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is the second revision of an application that proposes to investigate the economic aspects of ecstasy use. This second revision includes all the prior strengths noted by the reviewers, as well as details on how to detect and deal with multicollinearity that makes it difficult to separate the effect of ecstasy from that of other illicit substances. We eliminated one specific aim as recommended. There are many other smaller changes in this revision, demarcated by italics throughout this application. For many years ecstasy has had a deceptive reputation as a "safe" drug, but recent research has evidenced its adverse physiological and psychological effects on human health. Little research has however examined the economic aspects of ecstasy use. This study proposes to (1) Estimate the extent to which ecstasy contributes to higher utilization and cost of health services among adolescents (ages 12-17 years) and young adults (ages 18-34 years); (2) Estimate the extent to which ecstasy contributes to crime/delinquency activities among adolescents (ages 12-17 years) and young adults (ages 18-34 years); (3) Investigate the relationships between ecstasy and academic performance among high school students (grades 9 to 12); and (4) Examine the extent to which polydrugs differentially affect the economic aspects of ecstasy. These aims will be addressed by analyzing the following recent public use datasets: the 2002, 2003, and 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N=164,902) and the 2001, 2003, and 2005 school-based Youth Behavior Risk Survey (N=42,613). Ecstasy users may generate private and social costs through utilization of more costly emergency services and/or hospitalizations and involvement in crime/delinquency activity. To the extent that high school academic performance affects future job opportunities, the impact of ecstasy on high school academic performance will have far-reaching human capital consequences. This project will be the first broad national research of economic aspects of ecstasy use. Insights from the study will influence policies that encourage more ambulatory care, lower involvement in crime delinquency, and improved employment opportunities. Policy makers, clinicians and other health care providers, public health organizations, substance abuse program personnel, law enforcement personnel, school managers, and family members will use findings from this study as they decide how to develop cost-effective treatments as well as programs to identify and divert future Ecstasy Users to prevention programs. The bridge between research, policy, and practices has yet to be successfully established. We are committing to disseminate these findings to the widest audience possible, through professional conferences, policy workshops, and other distribution channels such as school/college-based venues and community-based treatment programs.