What controlled the explosivity and sulfur release of the largest recent explosive eruption on Earth?

是什么控制着地球上最近最大规模的爆炸性喷发的爆炸性和硫的释放?

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    322696627
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    德国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助国家:
    德国
  • 起止时间:
    2015-12-31 至 2022-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Intermediate alkaline magmas (e.g. trachyandesite) have been responsible for some of the most explosive and highest sulfur emitting eruptions in the Holocene, in contrast to the rhyolitic magmas that we typically consider as producing Earths largest eruptions (due to their viscous, gas-rich nature). Such trachyandesite magmas are also commonly much more enriched in sulfur compared to their rhyolitic counterparts, and their potential for global climatic impact is thus far greater. A major puzzle with these events is why these alkaline intermediate magmas erupt so explosively, in spite of their low viscosity, and how they can accumulate such high S concentrations. The answer to this apparent inconsistency must lie in either: how the magma is stored, its ascent speed and style, and how the volatiles behave during storage and ascent. To assess this, I will focus on the Plinian 1257 Samalas eruption from Rinjani volcano (Indonesia), which has only recently been associated with the highest sulfur peak in ice core records in the past 2000 years and the consequential Little Ice Age. Phase equilibrium and decompression experiments will be conducted on the products from this particularly explosive eruption to determine its bubble nucleation and degassing behaviour, as well as pre-eruption storage and ascent conditions. Alongside this, sulfur addition experiments will aim to quantify sulfur partitioning between the melt, fluid and mineral phases during pre-eruptive storage and, novelly during ascent. Our proposed experiments will provide a timely and new insight into how sulfur behaves in trachyandesite magmas and thus how eruptions (such as the Samalas) can be capable of such high S fluxes.
中碱性岩浆(例如粗安岩)是全新世一些最具爆炸性和硫排放量最高的火山爆发的原因,与我们通常认为产生地球最大火山爆发的流纹岩岩浆相反(由于其粘性,富含气体的性质)。这种粗安岩岩浆通常也比流纹质岩浆更富含硫,因此它们对全球气候影响的潜力更大。这些事件的一个主要谜团是,为什么这些碱性中间岩浆爆发如此剧烈,尽管它们的粘度很低,以及它们如何能够积累如此高的S浓度。这种明显的不一致性的答案必须在于:岩浆是如何储存的,它的上升速度和风格,以及挥发物在储存和上升过程中的行为。为了评估这一点,我将重点放在林贾尼火山(印度尼西亚)的普林尼1257年萨马拉火山爆发上,这是最近才与过去2000年冰芯记录中最高的硫峰以及随之而来的小冰河时代有关。将对这一特别爆炸性喷发的产物进行相平衡和减压实验,以确定其气泡成核和脱气行为,以及喷发前的储存和上升条件。除此之外,硫添加实验的目的是量化喷发前储存期间和上升期间熔体,流体和矿物相之间的硫分配。我们提出的实验将提供一个及时的和新的见解硫的行为在粗安岩岩浆,从而如何喷发(如萨马拉)能够如此高的硫通量。

项目成果

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Dr. Michael Cassidy, Ph.D.其他文献

Dr. Michael Cassidy, Ph.D.的其他文献

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