Does diversity beget diversity? The case of host specificity of vascular epiphytes

多样性会带来多样性吗?

基本信息

项目摘要

The canopy of tropical rainforests hosts an enormous, still unknown number of animal and plant species. The evolution and maintenance of this species richness is subject to intensive research. For the diversity of herbivorous insects, a direct relationship with the diversity of their host tree species has been postulated. The same might apply for the very species-rich group of vascular epiphytes, i.e. vascular plants growing on trees without parasitizing them. However, to test this hypothesis it is necessary to quantify the host specificity of this group. In spite of the many studies on this topic we are still far from this goal. State of the art is that epiphytes are usually capable of colonizing any tree species in a forest but that the observed epiphyte abundances are often unequally distributed among host species. However, due to a number of methodological issues such observed biases are not an unambiguous demonstration of host specificity: When analyzing distributional data statistically artefacts might arise from, e.g., disregarding the clumped occurrence of epiphytes. Moreover, there are barely any unambiguously interpretable study approaches that focus directly on the individual fitness of epiphytes. Finally, given the daunting number of epiphyte and tree species in tropical rainforests, the usually applied floristic approach is inadequate to predict associations on the basis of general rules. The objective of the proposed project is to address all these issues. Subproject 1 investigates, with the aid of a computer model, the effect of spatial autocorrelation of conspecific epiphytes on the results of host specificity tests. To improve the analysis of empirical datasets, a null model that considers this effect will be developed. Subproject 2 (a systematically designed field study) compares epiphyte abundances and species composition among tree species. Comparably large sample sizes will permit to reliably detect distributional biases. Subproject 3 investigates host specificity on the level of fitness parameters (germination, survival and growth rates) with the aid of experimental manipulations. Finally, subproject 4 leaves the level of species interactions, which have been the focus of previous studies, and turns onto the interaction of epiphyte and tree traits (trait matching). The long-term goal is to explain distributional patterns mechanistically and to develop general rules for the correlation of traits. A decisive precondition for the success of the project is the choice of the field site in Panama. There are already two temporally replicated datasets from a previous project, describing the spatial distribution of ca. 20,000 epiphytes within a 0.9 ha forest plot. Comparing the distributional patterns from these datasets to the results of the proposed project will allow to evaluate how suitable such datasets are for the investigation of host specificity.
热带雨林的树冠上栖息着数量巨大、数量不详的动植物物种。这种物种丰富度的进化和维持需要深入的研究。对于草食性昆虫的多样性,已经假设与它们的寄主树种的多样性有直接关系。同样的道理也适用于物种丰富的维管束附生植物,即生长在树上但不寄生的维管束植物。然而,为了检验这一假设,有必要量化这一群体的宿主特异性。尽管关于这一主题的研究很多,但我们离这一目标还有很长的路要走。目前的技术状况是,附生植物通常能够在森林中的任何树种上定居,但观察到的附生植物丰度在寄主物种中的分布往往不均匀。然而,由于许多方法学问题,这种观察到的偏差并不是寄主专一性的明确证明:当统计分析分布数据时,可能会出现伪影,例如,忽略附生植物的聚集出现。此外,几乎没有任何明确可解释的研究方法直接关注附生植物的个体适合性。最后,考虑到热带雨林中令人望而生畏的附生植物和树种的数量,通常应用的植物区系方法不足以根据一般规则来预测联系。拟议项目的目标是解决所有这些问题。子项目1借助计算机模型研究了同种附生植物的空间自相关性对寄主专一性试验结果的影响。为了改进对经验数据集的分析,将开发一个考虑这种影响的零模型。子项目2(一项系统设计的实地研究)比较了不同树种之间的附生植物丰度和物种组成。相对较大的样本量将允许可靠地检测分布偏差。子项目3借助实验操作研究了适合度参数(萌发、存活率和生长率)水平上的寄主专一性。最后,子项目4离开了物种相互作用的水平,这一直是以前研究的重点,而转向附生植物和树木特征的相互作用(特征匹配)。长期目标是机械地解释分布模式,并制定性状相关性的一般规则。该项目取得成功的一个决定性先决条件是选择巴拿马的实地选址。已经有两个来自前一个项目的时间复制数据集,描述了0.9公顷林地内约20,000株附生植物的空间分布。将这些数据集的分布模式与拟议项目的结果进行比较,将能够评估这些数据集是否适合调查寄主专一性。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(3)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Temperature dependence of germination and growth in Anthurium (Araceae).
  • DOI:
    10.1111/plb.13063
  • 发表时间:
    2020-03
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.9
  • 作者:
    G. Zotz;Niels Kappert;Lilian-Lee B Müller;K. Wagner
  • 通讯作者:
    G. Zotz;Niels Kappert;Lilian-Lee B Müller;K. Wagner
EpIG‐DB: A database of vascular epiphyte assemblages in the Neotropics
EpIGâDB:新热带地区维管束附生植物组合数据库
  • DOI:
    10.1111/jvs.12867
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.8
  • 作者:
    Mendieta Leiva G;Ramos FN;Elias JPC…;Wagner K…;Jímenez-Alfaro B
  • 通讯作者:
    Jímenez-Alfaro B
Including dynamics in the equation: Tree growth rates and host specificity of vascular epiphytes
在方程中包括动力学:树木生长速率和维管附生植物的宿主特异性
  • DOI:
    10.1111/1365-2745.13333
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.5
  • 作者:
    Wagner
  • 通讯作者:
    Wagner
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Dr. Katrin Wagner其他文献

Dr. Katrin Wagner的其他文献

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