Ecological mechanisms underpinning species diversity changes along land-use intensity in temperate forests - from trees to landscapes

目前对森林异质性如何影响分类群多样性的认识仍然有限。自20世纪60年代以来，只有渐进式的进展，当时麦克阿瑟和麦克阿瑟为栖息地异质性假说奠定了基础，通过增加森林树叶高度多样性如何通过增加可用生态位的范围来增加鸟类的物种多样性。我们不知道更广泛的分类群如何响应森林结构和组成属性的变化。鉴于土地利用变化和森林管理活动改变了森林的结构和组成，我们必须更深入地了解异质性-多样性之间的联系，以便更好地为生物多样性保护提供信息。森林三维异质性遥感技术的进步以及不同分类群的性状数据库和系统发育学的发展使这些联系在适当的实验环境下得以建立。生物多样性探索项目为应对这些挑战提供了一个理想的研究平台，现在有可能建立一个全球杰出的框架，以测试由土地利用强度驱动的森林结构对温带森林生物多样性的作用。该联盟旨在揭示森林生物多样性的主要驱动因素，确定物种沿着土地利用梯度变化的机制，并建立三维异质性和生物多样性关系的总体框架。我们的目标是：i)对8个不同分类群的生物多样性探索区现有数据进行汇编；Ii)扩展和发展这些分类群的性状和系统发育差异；iii)利用机载激光雷达计算沿不同森林异质性轴的森林结构变量范围；iv)将重要的异质性指标用于嵌入星载雷达的生物多样性探测器的区域景观；V)阐明局地样地和区域景观结构对物种多样性的影响；（六）将本研究扩展到另外两种森林类型，它们代表了山地到高山森林和中欧山毛榉森林土地利用强度的独特长梯度。

Current understanding of how forest heterogeneity influences the diversity of taxa remains limited. Only incremental advances have been made since the 1960s when MacArthur and MacArthur laid the foundation for the habitat-heterogeneity-hypothesis, by showing how increased forest foliage height diversity increases the species diversity of birds by increasing the range of available niches. We do not know how a broader range of taxa responds to variations in forest structural and compositional attributes. Given that land-use change and forest management activities alter the structure and composition of forests, it is critical that we build deeper understanding of heterogeneity-diversity linkages to better inform biodiversity conservation. Advances in remote sensing of forest three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneity and developments in the construction of trait databases and phylogenies for different taxa now enable these linkages to be made - under the appropriate experimental setting. The Biodiversity-Exploratories provides an ideal research platform to address these challenges and it is now possible to set up a globally outstanding framework to test the role of forest structure driven by land-use intensity on biodiversity in temperate forests. Our consortium aims to expose the main drivers of biodiversity in forests, identify the mechanisms underpinning species changes along land-use gradients, and establish a general framework for 3D heterogeneity and biodiversity relationships. Our objectives are to: i) compile existing data in the Biodiversity-Exploratories for eight different taxa; ii) expand and develop trait and phylogenetic dissimilarities for these taxa; iii) calculate a range of forest structure variables along different axes of forest heterogeneity from airborne LiDAR; iv) scale important heterogeneity metrics to the regional landscape in which the Biodiversity-Exploratories are embedded with space-borne RADAR; v) elucidate the influence of local plot and regional landscape structure on species diversity; and vi) expand this research to two other forest types representing unique long gradients of land-use intensity in montane to high montane forests and in colline beech forests in Central Europe.