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From Late Middle Dutch to Early New Dutch: the influence of the printing press on the standardization of written Dutch.

从中古荷兰语晚期到新荷兰语早期：印刷机对书面荷兰语标准化的影响。

基本信息

批准号：
324558935
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Ann Marynissen
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Niederlandistik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/324558935?language=en
关键词：
Late Middle Dutch Early New

项目摘要

This research project deals with the history of the standardization of written Dutch that in major aspects has to be reconsidered. The overall aim of the project is to investigate the influence of the technological innovation of the printing press, an invention that changed cultural history, on the standardization of written Dutch. It is hypothesized that in printed books supra-regional Dutch was already used at the beginning of the 16th century. So written Dutch was much earlier standardized than was presumed until now. According to the common opinion, Standard Dutch would have developed in Holland at the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century during the economical and cultural height of the Golden Age. Although there had been early attempts towards standardization in the 16th century in the southern Low Countries (Brabant), these would not have been successful.However, preliminary research pointed out that already at the very beginning of the 16th century dialectal features in written books had been systematically replaced by supra-regional, Early New Dutch variants. The city of Antwerp (region Brabant), in those days the most important metropolis in the Low Countries, apparently led the way in this process. Also in books printed in Holland the Hollandic dialectal features were early replaced by its supra-regional counterparts. In Flanders and in the northeastern part of the language area (Ijsselregion) the switch from Middle Dutch to Early New Dutch occurred later. The proposed research project has three objectives:1) Determining the shift from Late Middle Dutch to Early New Dutch in printed religious and educational texts through space and time by means of an empirical quantitative and qualitative investigation of the language used in printed books in the above mentioned four areas from the end of the 15th until the end of the 16th century.2) Determining the influence of the printing press on the standardization of Dutch by means of an empirical comparison between the language written in manuscripts versus in printed books (religious and educational texts). In case it turns out that regional Dutch was longer preserved in manuscripts than in printed texts, this finding supports the hypothesis that the invention of the printing press strongly favoured the standardization of written Dutch. 3) Explaining the research results obtained in 1) and 2). How could an implicit language norm arise among mercantile printers, several decades before the outlines of Standard Dutch were codified? Which sociocultural factors favoured the transition from dialectal Late Middle Dutch to supra-regional Early New Dutch as early as the very beginning of the 16th century?

这项研究项目涉及荷兰语书面语标准化的历史，在主要方面必须重新考虑。该项目的总体目标是调查印刷机的技术创新对荷兰语书写标准化的影响，印刷机是一项改变了文化历史的发明。据推测，在印刷书籍中，超地区荷兰语在16世纪初就已经被使用了。因此，书面荷兰语的标准化时间比人们此前认为的要早得多。根据普遍的看法，标准荷兰语应该是在16世纪末17世纪初经济和文化鼎盛的黄金时代在荷兰发展起来的。虽然在16世纪南部低地国家(布拉班特)曾有过标准化的早期尝试，但这些尝试不会成功。然而，初步研究指出，早在16世纪初，书面书籍中的方言特征就被超地区的早期新荷兰语变体系统地取代了。安特卫普市(布拉班特地区)，当时低地国家最重要的大都市，显然在这个过程中起到了带头作用。同样，在荷兰印刷的书籍中，奥兰语的方言特征很早就被超地区的对应特征所取代。在佛兰德斯和语言区的东北部(伊塞尔地区)，从中世纪荷兰语到早期新荷兰语的转变发生得更晚。拟议的研究项目有三个目标：1)通过对上述四个地区从15世纪末到16世纪末印刷书籍中使用的语言进行实证、定量和定性调查，确定从中世纪晚期到早期新荷兰语在印刷宗教和教育文本中的时空转移。2)通过手稿和印刷书籍(宗教和教育文本)中所写语言的实证比较，确定印刷机对荷兰语标准化的影响。如果事实证明，区域荷兰语在手稿中保存的时间比在印刷文本中保存的时间更长，这一发现支持了这样的假设，即印刷机的发明强烈支持书面荷兰语的标准化。3)解释了1)和2)中的研究成果。在标准荷兰语大纲编纂之前的几十年里，商业印刷商中怎么会出现一种隐含的语言规范？早在16世纪初，哪些社会文化因素促成了从中荷兰语方言到超区域早期新荷兰语的转变？