SFB 1316: Transient atmospheric plasmas - from plasmas to liquids to solids

合作研究中心（CRC）1316“瞬态大气等离子体-从等离子体到液体再到固体”的主要目标是通过将非平衡大气压等离子体与催化、电解和生物催化相结合，实现灵活的能量和质量效率物种转换方案。因此，将提供灵活的解决方案，作为在分散场景中使用可再生能源的基础。使用等离子体进行物种转化具有高能量密度和非常灵活的控制可能性的优点，这允许创建非常不同的大小和规模以及控制方案的系统，以响应不同的物种输入。大气压下等离子体的非平衡特性由大气流或短脉冲激发控制，以确保强冷却机制，或两者的组合。这被概括为通过应用和组合不同的激励频率和方案的电场的可变波形剪裁。由此，可以调整各种各样的期望的等离子体化学或发射图案。与表面的强耦合意味着催化活性表面与等离子体本体中的化学物质的非常直接的交换。特别地，非平衡大气压等离子体最适合于使它们与液体或固体接触。许多问题需要回答，例如如何在一系列不同的气体混合物中达到并保持稳定的大气压非平衡放电，或者如何有效地将所产生的物质从等离子体输送到催化活性表面。此外，化学非平衡反应路线与平衡热化学有很大的不同，物质和能量的转移发生在截然不同的长度和时间尺度上。CRC 1316通过结合等离子体物理，表面物理，化学，生物技术和工程方面的专业知识来解决这些挑战。CRC 1316解决了非平衡瞬态大气等离子体在纳秒和秒之间的时间尺度上的各种物理系统的基本原理，例如纳秒尺度上的等离子体激发，纳秒到微秒尺度上的旋转振动状态中的电子激发的转换以及可能的气相碰撞淬火。最后，运输的物种的限制表面和流动模式的时间尺度在毫秒到秒之间的调查。此外，CRC 1316解决了纳米和毫米之间的空间尺度上的非平衡瞬态大气等离子体的各种物理系统，如纳米尺寸的反应表面结构，触发氧化金属或等离子体流光和等离子体在液体中的催化反应在微米尺度上的基本原理。

The main goal of the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1316 “Transient atmospheric plasmas – from plasmas to liquids to solids” is the realisation of flexible energy and mass efficient species conversion schemes by combining non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas with catalysis, with electrolysis, and with biocatalysis. Thereby, flexible solutions will be provided as a building block for the use of renewable energies in decentralised scenarios. The use of plasma for species conversion exhibits the advantage of a high energy density and very flexible control possibilities, which allows the creation of systems of very different sizes and scales as well as control schemes to respond to varying species input.The non-equilibrium character of plasmas at atmospheric pressure is controlled by large gas flows or by short pulsed excitation assuring strong cooling mechanisms, or a combination of both. This is generalised to variable waveform tailoring of the electric fields by applying and combining different excitation frequencies and schemes. Thereby, a huge variety of desired plasma chemistries or emission patterns can be adjusted. The strong coupling to surfaces implies a very direct exchange of catalytically active surfaces with the chemistry in the plasma bulk. Especially, non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas are optimally suited for bringing them in contact with liquids or solids. Many questions need to be answered such as how to reach and maintain a stable atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium discharge in a range of different gas mixtures or how to efficiently transport the produced species from the plasma to the catalytically active surface. In addition, the chemical non-equilibrium reaction routes differ strongly from equilibrium thermal chemistry and the transfer of species and energy occurs on vastly different length and time scales.The CRC 1316 addresses these challenges by combining expertise in plasma physics, surface physics, chemistry, biotechnology, and engineering. The CRC 1316 addresses the fundamentals of non-equilibrium transient atmospheric plasmas on timescales between nanoseconds and seconds for the various physical systems such as plasma excitation on the nanosecond scale, the conversion of the electronic excitation in rotational-vibrational states on the nanosecond to microsecond scale and the possible quenching by gas phase collisions. Finally, the transport of species to the confining surfaces and the flow patterns are investigated on timescales between milliseconds to seconds. Furthermore, the CRC 1316 addresses the fundamentals of non-equilibrium transient atmospheric plasmas on spatial scales between nanometres and millimetres for the various physical systems such as nanometre sized reactive surface structures, triggering catalytic reactions on oxidised metals or plasma streamers and plasmas in liquids on the micrometre scale.