The physician and slaver Dr. Daniel Botefeur. The transition to the illegal slave trade in the Atlantic and in the Americas and the trafficking in West Africa. Microhistories of Knowledge

医生和奴隶贩子博士。

• 批准号: 328158832
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Max Paul Zeuske
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/328158832?language=en
• 关键词: physician; slaver; Dr.; Daniel; Botefeur.

The project comes to biographical and microhistorical dimensions of intercontinental slave trade from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas at a time of global transition from Atlantic free trade with enslaved to illegal trafficking on the hidden Atlantic (Zeuske 2009). In the US and in the UK Atlantic slave trade was banned in 1808, in the Spanish Empire in 1820, in the Portuguese Empire in 1836, in France and Brazil in 1831 (in Brazil finally 1851). However, there was up to 1880, despite abolition, illegal smuggling of 2-4 Millions of people. During this time, a new group of Atlantic merchants arose, which generated in West Africa and the Atlantic slave trade / trafficking profits and capital and moored this in the form of Atlanticization in Slavery and plantation areas of America (both in cash as well as in capital of human body, especially in the Iberian territories, such as Cuba, Puerto Rico and Brazil, with links to the US). Atlanticization means that capital, people, knowledge, goods (commodities) could mainly come to the Americas through the space and the networks of the Atlantic, whereby this space won its own, also cultural quality. The new Atlantic elites coined from about 1830-40 the history of societies of Second Slavery (especially Cuba and Brazil; not so directly in the United States, which remains to research). At the same time, this period of the 19th century was, since about 1808/1815, as mentioned, a time of abolitions (first slave trade in 1794 / 1808 until 1840 and then Sklavereien (1794 / 1838 until 1888), the real abolition (not only legal discourses) was operated as a civilizing project before all by the United Kingdom.As a working hypothesis, the project assumes that to this group of new Atlantic merchants belonged mainly Iberian men, but also a number of Americans and men of other origins (as Daniel Botefeurfrom Hanover) and large groups of support staff (Atlantic Creoles, sailors and especially Luso-African brokers (tangomãos, grumetes)). The micro-historical dimension in the form of the life history of the physician and slaver Daniel Botefeur (around 1770 Hannover -1821 Charleston) as normative exception or exception that proves the rule with respect to the group of Atlantic entrepreneurs should show how first in West Africa, and then across the Atlantic and in the port cities of the colonial powers profits were generated and how societies were changed and modernized in the form of the mentioned atlanticization both in Africa, but especially in the regions of slavery in America. In a double micro dimension (Daniel Botefeur and his slave Robin Botefeur) the role of formal (medical) and empirical knowledge in the rise of Daniel Botefeur remains to be analyzed; in particular the knowledge of body, but also knowledge about the lives of the enslaved as well as the contacts in Africa.

该项目涉及从非洲跨越大西洋到美洲的洲际奴隶贸易的传记和微观历史维度，在全球从大西洋与奴隶的自由贸易过渡到隐藏的大西洋上的非法贩运（Zeuske 2009）。在美国和英国，大西洋奴隶贸易于1808年被禁止，西班牙帝国于1820年被禁止，葡萄牙帝国于1836年被禁止，法国和巴西于1831年被禁止（巴西最终于1851年被禁止）。然而，直到1880年，尽管废除了，非法走私的人口仍有2-4百万。在此期间，一个新的大西洋商人群体出现了，他们在西非和大西洋产生了奴隶贸易/贩运的利润和资本，并以美洲奴隶制和种植园地区的大西洋化形式将其固定（现金和人力资本，特别是在伊比利亚地区，如古巴，波多黎各和巴西，与美国有联系）。大西洋化意味着资本、人员、知识、货物（商品）主要可以通过大西洋的空间和网络来到美洲，从而这个空间赢得了自己的文化品质。新大西洋的精英们从1830年到1840年创造了第二次奴隶制社会的历史（特别是古巴和巴西；在美国没有这么直接，这还有待研究）。与此同时，19世纪的这一时期，如前所述，是一个废除奴隶制的时期(第一次奴隶贸易是在1794 / 1808年至1840年，然后是Sklavereien（1794 / 1838年至1888年），真正的废除（不仅仅是法律上的言论）是由英国作为一个文明项目在所有人面前进行的。作为一个可行的假设，该项目假设这群新大西洋商人主要属于伊比利亚人，但也有一些美国人和其他血统的人（如来自汉诺威的丹尼尔·波特弗尔），以及大量的支持人员（大西洋克里奥尔人、水手，尤其是葡非经纪人（tangom<e:1> os, grumetes））。micro-historical维度的生命历史形式的医生和口水丹尼尔Botefeur(大约1770年汉诺威-1821年查尔斯顿)作为规范异常或异常,证明了规则对大西洋的企业家应该先显示在西非,然后横跨大西洋港口城市的殖民列强利润生成和社会是如何改变,现代化的形式提到atlanticization都在非洲,尤其是在美国实行奴隶制的地区在双重微观维度（Daniel Botefeur和他的奴隶Robin Botefeur）中，正式（医学）和经验知识在Daniel Botefeur崛起中的作用仍有待分析；尤其是关于身体的知识，还有关于奴隶生活的知识以及在非洲的接触。