The physician and slaver Dr. Daniel Botefeur. The transition to the illegal slave trade in the Atlantic and in the Americas and the trafficking in West Africa. Microhistories of Knowledge

医生和奴隶贩子博士。

• 批准号: 328158832
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Max Paul Zeuske
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/328158832?language=en
• 关键词: physician; slaver; Dr.; Daniel; Botefeur.

The project comes to biographical and microhistorical dimensions of intercontinental slave trade from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas at a time of global transition from Atlantic free trade with enslaved to illegal trafficking on the hidden Atlantic (Zeuske 2009). In the US and in the UK Atlantic slave trade was banned in 1808, in the Spanish Empire in 1820, in the Portuguese Empire in 1836, in France and Brazil in 1831 (in Brazil finally 1851). However, there was up to 1880, despite abolition, illegal smuggling of 2-4 Millions of people. During this time, a new group of Atlantic merchants arose, which generated in West Africa and the Atlantic slave trade / trafficking profits and capital and moored this in the form of Atlanticization in Slavery and plantation areas of America (both in cash as well as in capital of human body, especially in the Iberian territories, such as Cuba, Puerto Rico and Brazil, with links to the US). Atlanticization means that capital, people, knowledge, goods (commodities) could mainly come to the Americas through the space and the networks of the Atlantic, whereby this space won its own, also cultural quality. The new Atlantic elites coined from about 1830-40 the history of societies of Second Slavery (especially Cuba and Brazil; not so directly in the United States, which remains to research). At the same time, this period of the 19th century was, since about 1808/1815, as mentioned, a time of abolitions (first slave trade in 1794 / 1808 until 1840 and then Sklavereien (1794 / 1838 until 1888), the real abolition (not only legal discourses) was operated as a civilizing project before all by the United Kingdom.As a working hypothesis, the project assumes that to this group of new Atlantic merchants belonged mainly Iberian men, but also a number of Americans and men of other origins (as Daniel Botefeurfrom Hanover) and large groups of support staff (Atlantic Creoles, sailors and especially Luso-African brokers (tangomãos, grumetes)). The micro-historical dimension in the form of the life history of the physician and slaver Daniel Botefeur (around 1770 Hannover -1821 Charleston) as normative exception or exception that proves the rule with respect to the group of Atlantic entrepreneurs should show how first in West Africa, and then across the Atlantic and in the port cities of the colonial powers profits were generated and how societies were changed and modernized in the form of the mentioned atlanticization both in Africa, but especially in the regions of slavery in America. In a double micro dimension (Daniel Botefeur and his slave Robin Botefeur) the role of formal (medical) and empirical knowledge in the rise of Daniel Botefeur remains to be analyzed; in particular the knowledge of body, but also knowledge about the lives of the enslaved as well as the contacts in Africa.

该项目涉及从非洲跨大西洋到美洲的洲际奴隶贸易的传记和微观历史层面，当时全球正从大西洋奴隶自由贸易过渡到隐藏的大西洋上的非法贩运（Zeuske 2009年）。在美国和英国，大西洋奴隶贸易于1808年被禁止，在西班牙帝国于1820年，在葡萄牙帝国于1836年，在法国和巴西于1831年（巴西最终于1851年）。然而，有高达1880，尽管废除，非法走私2-4百万人。在此期间，一个新的大西洋商人群体出现，他们在西非和大西洋奴隶贸易/贩运利润和资本，并以在美洲奴隶制和种植园地区（无论是现金还是人体资本，特别是在伊比利亚地区，如古巴，波多黎各和巴西，与美国有联系）的奴隶制和种植园的形式停泊。大西洋化意味着资本、人员、知识、商品（商品）可以主要通过大西洋的空间和网络进入美洲，从而使这个空间赢得了自己的文化品质。新的大西洋精英们从1830- 1840年左右创造了第二次奴隶制社会的历史（特别是古巴和巴西;在美国没有这么直接，这仍有待研究）。与此同时，世纪的这一时期，如前所述，大约从1808/1815年开始，是废除奴隶制的时期（第一次奴隶贸易发生在1794 / 1808年至1840年，然后是Sklavereien（1794 / 1838年至1888年），真实的废除死刑（不仅是法律的话语）在所有人之前都是由英国作为一项文明工程来运作的。作为一个工作假设，该项目假设，这群新的大西洋商人主要是伊比利亚人，但也有一些美国人和其他血统的人（如来自汉诺威的丹尼尔波特弗尔）和大量的支持人员（大西洋克里奥尔人，水手，特别是葡萄牙-非洲经纪人（tangomeos，grumetes））。以医生和奴隶主丹尼尔波特弗尔的生活史为形式的微观历史维度（大约1770年汉诺威-1821年查尔斯顿）作为规范性的例外或例外，证明了关于大西洋企业家群体的规则应该表明如何首先在西非，然后跨越大西洋，在殖民国家的港口城市产生利润，以及社会如何以上述形式改变和现代化。在非洲，特别是在美洲的奴隶制地区，在一个双重的微观维度（丹尼尔波特菲尔和他的奴隶罗宾波特菲尔）的作用，正式（医学）和经验知识的兴起丹尼尔波特菲尔仍有待分析，特别是身体的知识，但也知识的生活被奴役以及在非洲的接触。