The physician and slaver Dr. Daniel Botefeur. The transition to the illegal slave trade in the Atlantic and in the Americas and the trafficking in West Africa. Microhistories of Knowledge

医生和奴隶贩子博士。

• 批准号: 328158832
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Max Paul Zeuske
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/328158832?language=en
• 关键词: physician; slaver; Dr.; Daniel; Botefeur.

The project comes to biographical and microhistorical dimensions of intercontinental slave trade from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas at a time of global transition from Atlantic free trade with enslaved to illegal trafficking on the hidden Atlantic (Zeuske 2009). In the US and in the UK Atlantic slave trade was banned in 1808, in the Spanish Empire in 1820, in the Portuguese Empire in 1836, in France and Brazil in 1831 (in Brazil finally 1851). However, there was up to 1880, despite abolition, illegal smuggling of 2-4 Millions of people. During this time, a new group of Atlantic merchants arose, which generated in West Africa and the Atlantic slave trade / trafficking profits and capital and moored this in the form of Atlanticization in Slavery and plantation areas of America (both in cash as well as in capital of human body, especially in the Iberian territories, such as Cuba, Puerto Rico and Brazil, with links to the US). Atlanticization means that capital, people, knowledge, goods (commodities) could mainly come to the Americas through the space and the networks of the Atlantic, whereby this space won its own, also cultural quality. The new Atlantic elites coined from about 1830-40 the history of societies of Second Slavery (especially Cuba and Brazil; not so directly in the United States, which remains to research). At the same time, this period of the 19th century was, since about 1808/1815, as mentioned, a time of abolitions (first slave trade in 1794 / 1808 until 1840 and then Sklavereien (1794 / 1838 until 1888), the real abolition (not only legal discourses) was operated as a civilizing project before all by the United Kingdom.As a working hypothesis, the project assumes that to this group of new Atlantic merchants belonged mainly Iberian men, but also a number of Americans and men of other origins (as Daniel Botefeurfrom Hanover) and large groups of support staff (Atlantic Creoles, sailors and especially Luso-African brokers (tangomãos, grumetes)). The micro-historical dimension in the form of the life history of the physician and slaver Daniel Botefeur (around 1770 Hannover -1821 Charleston) as normative exception or exception that proves the rule with respect to the group of Atlantic entrepreneurs should show how first in West Africa, and then across the Atlantic and in the port cities of the colonial powers profits were generated and how societies were changed and modernized in the form of the mentioned atlanticization both in Africa, but especially in the regions of slavery in America. In a double micro dimension (Daniel Botefeur and his slave Robin Botefeur) the role of formal (medical) and empirical knowledge in the rise of Daniel Botefeur remains to be analyzed; in particular the knowledge of body, but also knowledge about the lives of the enslaved as well as the contacts in Africa.

该项目涉及从非洲跨大西洋到美洲的洲际奴隶贸易的传记和微观历史维度，当时全球正从大西洋奴隶自由贸易转向隐秘大西洋上的非法贩运（Zeuske 2009）。美国和英国于 1808 年禁止大西洋奴隶贸易，西班牙帝国于 1820 年禁止，葡萄牙帝国于 1836 年禁止，法国和巴西于 1831 年禁止（巴西最终于 1851 年禁止）。然而，截至 1880 年，尽管废除了该法，仍有 2-4 百万人口被非法走私。在此期间，出现了一批新的大西洋商人，他们在西非和大西洋奴隶贸易/贩运利润和资本中产生，并以大西洋化的形式将其锚定在美国的奴隶制和种植园地区（包括现金和人体资本，特别是在与美国有联系的古巴、波多黎各和巴西等伊比利亚领土）。大西洋化意味着资本、人员、知识、商品（商品）可以主要通过大西洋的空间和网络来到美洲，从而使这个空间赢得了自己的文化品质。新的大西洋精英从 1830-40 年间创造了第二次奴隶制社会的历史（特别是古巴和巴西；在美国则不然，这还有待研究）。与此同时，正如前面提到的，自大约1808/1815年以来，19世纪的这一时期是废奴时代（第一次奴隶贸易发生在1794年/1808年至1840年，然后是斯克拉韦雷恩（Sklavereien）（1794年/1838年至1888年），真正的废奴（不仅仅是法律话语）首先是由英国作为一项文明工程来运作的。假设，该项目假设对此 新的大西洋商人群体主要属于伊比利亚人，但也有一些美国人和其他血统的人（如来自汉诺威的丹尼尔·博特费尔）和大量支持人员（大西洋克里奥尔人、水手，特别是卢索-非洲经纪人（tangomãos，grumetes））。微观历史维度以医生和奴隶贩子丹尼尔·博特弗尔的生活史的形式出现 （大约1770年汉诺威-1821年查尔斯顿）作为规范性例外或证明大西洋企业家群体规则的例外，应该首先展示如何在西非，然后在大西洋彼岸和殖民列强的港口城市产生利润，以及社会如何以上述大西洋化的形式在非洲，但特别是在美国奴隶制地区发生变化和现代化。在 双重微观维度（丹尼尔·博特福尔和他的奴隶罗宾·博特福尔）正式（医学）和经验知识在丹尼尔·博特福尔崛起中的作用仍有待分析；特别是关于身体的知识，还有关于被奴役者的生活以及在非洲的接触的知识。