Odorant and gustatory receptor diversity and evolution in the stinging wasps, ants, and bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata)

刺黄蜂、蚂蚁和蜜蜂的气味和味觉受体多样性和进化（膜翅目：Aculeata）

• 批准号: 328103412
• 负责人: Dr. Ewald Große-Wilde
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/328103412?language=en
• 关键词: Odorant; gustatory; receptor; diversity; evolution

Information about the chemical composition of the environment is of critical importance for any organism. Chemical senses enable, for example, localizing and assessing the quality of food sources, oviposition sites, and reproductive partners. Social insects, such as ants, further utilize chemical factors (pheromones) to establish their social behaviors. Insects rely on three types of chemosensory receptors to perceive their chemical environment: olfactory (Ors), gustatory (Grs), and ionotropic receptors. While the latter are typically conserved in both their copy number and amino acid sequence, some insects feature remarkable Or and Gr repertoire expansions, most notably ants and bees. These expansions have been linked with the ants' and bees' eusocial life and the associated necessity to discriminate between various different chemical factors (e.g., trail pheromones). The characterization of the chemoreceptors in some non-eusocial wasps revealed, however, that species with a parasitoid lifestyle can also exhibit large chemoreceptor repertoires. Since chemoreceptors have not been studied in any lineage of Hymenoptera comparatively closely related to eusocial ants and bees, it remains unclear whether or not the extraordinary diversity of chemoreceptors in ants and bees is a derived feature of these two groups at all. Our research project aims at comprehensively inferring for the first time the evolution of Or and Gr diversity in the group of Hymenoptera from within which ants and bees arose: the stinging wasps (Aculeata). The expected results will inform both about when and in what context of lifestyle changes Or and Gr repertoire expansions occurred. Furthermore, they will provide new insights into whether or not Ors of the 9-exon subgroup are likely involved in the perception of cuticular hydrocarbons. We will study the chemoreceptors in a total of 23 stinging wasps (representing all major lineages of Aculeata, incl. those with parasitoid lifestyles) and in a wasp species closely related to the aculeates. To answer our research questions, we will compare gene transcript data from studying chemosensory tissues with genomic data. The foundation for our comparisons will be, among others, draft genome assemblies of eleven species of solitary wasps that we sequenced in preparation for this project. To compile corresponding genomic sequence data of Or- and Gr-coding genes also in species whose genomes have not been sequenced so far, we will apply a target DNA enrichment approach. The approach promises to foster future comparative analyses of gene repertoires in species whose genomes cannot be sequenced economically due to the huge size of the genomes. The insights gained from our research project will thus not only be of major interest for evolutionary biologists as well as evolutionary and chemical ecologists, but also for scientists working in various areas in the field of comparative genomics.

关于环境化学成分的信息对任何生物都至关重要。例如，化学感官可以定位和评估食物来源、产卵地点和生殖伴侣的质量。社会性昆虫，如蚂蚁，进一步利用化学因素（信息素）来建立它们的社会行为。昆虫依赖于三种类型的化学感受器来感知它们的化学环境：嗅觉（ORS），味觉（Grs）和离子型受体。虽然后者通常在它们的拷贝数和氨基酸序列上都是保守的，但一些昆虫的特征是显著的Or和Gr库扩增，最显著的是蚂蚁和蜜蜂。这些扩张与蚂蚁和蜜蜂的社会生活以及区分各种不同化学因素（例如，trail pheromones）。然而，在一些非真社会性黄蜂的化学感受器的表征表明，物种与寄生生活方式也可以表现出大的化学感受器库。由于化学感受器尚未在任何与真社会性蚂蚁和蜜蜂相对密切相关的Hytera谱系中进行研究，因此仍然不清楚蚂蚁和蜜蜂中化学感受器的非凡多样性是否是这两个群体的衍生特征。我们的研究项目的目的是全面推断第一次的进化或Gr的多样性的Hyattera组从内部蚂蚁和蜜蜂出现：刺黄蜂（Aculeata）。预期的结果将告知何时以及在什么情况下发生的生活方式的变化或Gr库扩展。此外，他们将提供新的见解，是否或9外显子亚组可能参与表皮碳氢化合物的感知。我们将研究的化学感受器，共23蜇黄蜂（代表所有主要谱系的针，包括。寄生生活方式）和一种与有刺动物密切相关的黄蜂物种。为了回答我们的研究问题，我们将比较基因转录数据从研究化学感受组织与基因组数据。我们比较的基础将是，除其他外，我们为这个项目做准备时测序的11种独居黄蜂的基因组草图。为了编译相应的基因组序列数据的或-和GR-编码基因也在物种的基因组尚未测序到目前为止，我们将应用一个目标DNA富集的方法。这种方法有望促进未来的基因组的比较分析物种的基因组不能经济地测序，由于巨大的基因组。因此，从我们的研究项目中获得的见解不仅会引起进化生物学家以及进化和化学生态学家的主要兴趣，而且也会引起在比较基因组学领域各个领域工作的科学家的兴趣。

项目成果

Analysis of RNA-Seq, DNA Target Enrichment, and Sanger Nucleotide Sequence Data Resolves Deep Splits in the Phylogeny of Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)

• DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixaa018
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Insect Systematics and Diversity
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Thomas Pauli;K. Meusemann;Sandra Kukowka;Manuela Sann;A. Donath;C. Mayer;J. Oeyen;Yolanda Ballesteros;Alexander Berg;E. V. Berghe;Hermes E Escalona;A. Guglielmino;M. Niehuis;M. Olmi;L. Podsiadlowski;C. Polidori;Jeroen de Rond;P. Rosa;T. Schmitt;F. Strumia;Mareike Wurdack;Shanlin Liu;Xin Zhou;B. Misof;R. Peters;O. Niehuis