Semi-active component for chatter suppression of metal cutting machine tools

用于金属切削机床颤振抑制的半主动元件

• 批准号: 329109043
• 负责人: Professor Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Fleischer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Produktionstechnik (WBK)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/329109043?language=en
• 关键词: Semi; active; component; chatter; suppression

The machining accuracy and the productivity improvement of a chip-removal machine tools are limited by the interaction between the workpiece and the tool. This interaction represents the reciprocal effect between the cutting process and the compliance behavior of the machine tool. At high cutting forces and insufficient machine stiffness or damping in the machine, self-induced vibrations (chatter) can occur. These vibrations endanger the stability of the machining process.To reduce chatter, many approaches deal with the enhancement of the compliance behavior of the machine. Complex active systems are state of research, but their implementation hardly ever takes place in an industrial environment due to the high costs. Instead, mainly simple passive systems are to be found in the industrial environment. Nevertheless, these systems are only suitable and conceivable for certain equipment and processes.At wbk, Institute for Production Science, research is being conducted on a new approach where the natural frequencies of machine tools can be changed using a semi-active component. Previous achievements show that the compliance behavior of this new component can be changed in any frequency ranges. The semi-active approach to reducing chatter vibrations combines the advantages of active and passive systems, since it is valid across all frequencies, and promises a high implementation potential.The aim of this work is to tap the full potential of this approach, in order to suppress chatter. It shall be investigated how the processing stability of a machine tool can be improved through a targeted adaptive change of the dynamic behavior. For this purpose, the modeling of the adaptive component is first examined in order to understand the effects and interactions of the liquid used on the compliance behavior. Subsequently, an automated procedure is developed to optimize the structure of the semi-active component in order to increase the processing stability. Finally, the approach is validated by implementing the automated procedure using the example of a machine tool carriage. The semi-active component resulting from the optimization is then tested with machining tests.By achieving the defined goals, it will be feasible in the application to adaptively adjust a machine tool to any machining situation. The targeted adaptive change in the processing stability of the machine tool as described in this research project is an inexpensive, simple and promising solution.

刀具与工件之间的相互作用限制了排屑机床的加工精度和生产率的提高。这种相互作用代表了切削过程和机床的顺应性行为之间的相互作用。在高切削力和机床刚度或机床阻尼不足的情况下，可能会发生自激振动（颤振）。这些振动危及加工过程的稳定性。为了减少颤振，许多方法都涉及增强机器的顺应性行为。复杂的主动系统是研究的状态，但由于成本高，它们的实现几乎从未在工业环境中发生。相反，在工业环境中主要是简单的无源系统。然而，这些系统仅适用于某些设备和工艺。wbk生产科学研究所正在研究一种新方法，即使用半主动部件改变机床的固有频率。以往的研究成果表明，这种新元件的柔顺特性可以在任何频率范围内改变。减少颤振的半主动方法结合了主动和被动系统的优点，因为它在所有频率下都是有效的，并且有很高的实施潜力。这项工作的目的是挖掘这种方法的全部潜力，以抑制颤振。应研究如何通过动态行为的有针对性的自适应变化来提高机床的加工稳定性。为此，首先检查自适应组件的建模，以了解所用液体对顺从行为的影响和相互作用。随后，开发了一种自动化程序来优化半有源元件的结构，以提高加工稳定性。最后，以机床刀架为例验证了该方法的有效性。最后，通过加工试验对优化后的半主动元件进行了测试，达到了预定的目标，在实际应用中可以对机床进行自适应调整以适应各种加工情况。如本研究项目所述，机床加工稳定性的有针对性的自适应变化是一种廉价、简单且有前途的解决方案。