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Molecular biomineralization of octocoral skeletons: calcite versus aragonite (MINORCA)

八珊瑚骨骼的分子生物矿化：方解石与霰石（MINORCA）

基本信息

批准号：
331045868
负责人：
Privatdozent Dr. Sergio Vargas Ramírez
金额：
--
依托单位：
Sektion Paläontologie und Geobiologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/331045868?language=en
关键词：
Molecular biomineralization octocoral skeletons calcite

项目摘要

Biomineralization refers to the process by which organisms produce minerals. This process that has shaped the spectacular diversity of shells and skeletons throughout large periods of the Earth's history, and forms the three dimensional framework of coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystem on the planet. Anthozoan corals, main reef builders today, produce different polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Scleractinians deposit aragonite and octocorals calcite, with a notable exception, the aragonitic Heliopora. It is however unknown why and how corals produce different CaCO3 polymorphs. Changes in the molar ratio of seawater Mg:Ca during certain periods of Earth history have been proposed as drivers of preferential selection of specific CaCO3 polymorphs at clade origin. While the process of biomineralization is comparatively well studied at the molecular level in Scleractinia, knowledge is still deficient in Octocorallia but necessary for a complete understanding of the ability of corals to control and counter the effects of environmental changes.Here we will combine transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to identify and characterize the gene repertoire involved in the octocoral biomineralization toolkit. We will use three species with a rigid skeleton, which we culture in our research aquaria and for which we recently generated reference transcriptomes, as models: the aragonitic octocoral Heliopora coerulea and the calcitic Tubipora musica, and, to allow comparative analyses, the aragonitic scleractinian Montipora digitata. Three different strategies will be employed to achieve the project's objectives:First, the existing target species transcriptomes will be data mined and compared with published data on corals and other taxa (e.g., calcareous sponges, molluscs, brachiopods, echinoderms) to identify biomineralization-related proteins.Second, for each of our target species, the skeletal proteomes (i.e. organic matrix proteins occluded in the skeleton) will be characterized to further characterize proteins putatively involved in biomineralization.Third, we will expose our three target species to artificial Calcite Sea-like seawater (with a mMg:Ca = 1), because apparently aragonitic corals start to produce calcite under those conditions, but the molecular processes responsible for such CaCO3 polymorph shift are unknown yet. We will monitor the differential expression of biomineralization-related genes in short- and longer-term experiments aiming to fill that knowledge gap.By focusing on corals that produce different CaCO3 polymorphs and employing different experimental approaches, we will provide novel data on coral biomineralization in general, and octocoral biomineralization in particular, which might help to further our understanding of the biological processes that control biomineralization in changing oceans.

生物矿化是指生物产生矿物质的过程。这一过程在地球历史的大部分时期塑造了贝壳和骨骼的壮观多样性，并形成了珊瑚礁的三维框架，这是地球上最多样化的生态系统之一。珊瑚虫珊瑚，主要的珊瑚礁建设者今天，生产不同的多晶型碳酸钙（CaCO3）。硬珊瑚存款文石和珊瑚方解石，与一个值得注意的例外，文石Heliopora。然而，珊瑚为什么以及如何产生不同的CaCO3多晶型物是未知的。在地球历史的某些时期，海水中镁：钙的摩尔比的变化已被提议为在进化枝起源的特定碳酸钙多晶型物的优先选择的驱动程序。虽然生物矿化的过程是比较好的研究，在分子水平上的石珊瑚，知识仍然是缺乏的珊瑚，但必要的珊瑚控制和对抗环境changes.In的影响的能力的完整理解，我们将联合收割机转录组学和蛋白质组学的方法来识别和表征的基因库中涉及的珊瑚生物矿化工具包。我们将使用三个物种的刚性骨架，我们在我们的研究水族馆文化，我们最近产生的参考转录组，作为模型：文石珊瑚Heliopora coerulea和方解石Tubipora音乐，并允许比较分析，文石珊瑚Montipora digitata。将采用三种不同的策略来实现该项目的目标：首先，将对现有的目标物种转录组进行数据挖掘，并将其与珊瑚和其他分类群（例如，钙质海绵，软体动物，腕足动物，棘皮动物），以确定生物矿化相关的蛋白质。第二，对于我们的每个目标物种，骨骼蛋白质组第三，我们将我们的三个目标物种暴露于人工方解石海海水中，（mMg：Ca = 1），因为显然文石珊瑚在这些条件下开始产生方解石，但负责这种CaCO3多晶型转变的分子过程尚不清楚。我们将在短期和长期实验中监测生物矿化相关基因的差异表达，旨在填补这一知识空白。通过关注产生不同CaCO3多晶型的珊瑚，并采用不同的实验方法，我们将提供有关珊瑚生物矿化的新数据，特别是珊瑚生物矿化，这可能有助于我们进一步了解控制不断变化的海洋中生物矿化的生物过程。