Palaeomechanical investigations concerning the coherence of injury patterns and weapon efficiency on the basis of bronze-age human bones and weapons.

基于青铜时代人类骨骼和武器，有关伤害模式和武器效率一致性的古力学研究。

• 批准号: 332621647
• 负责人: Dr. Detlef Jantzen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen- Anhalt - Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/332621647?language=en
• 关键词: Palaeomechanical; investigations; concerning; coherence; injury

There are numerous prehistoric human bones with injury patterns caused by interpersonal violence. As part of the DFG-funded project (JA 1835-2) investigating an early Bronze Age mass-conflict in the Tollensetal (Mecklenburg-West Pomerania), various lesions were examined anthropologically. Nevertheless, the complicated and highly dynamic processes which led to traumata are very difficult to determine using only conservative or experimental methods. Hence beginning in 2012 a methodological process (Palaeomechanics) was developed, which represents the relations between the external mechanical forces affecting the bone and specific injury patterns, as well as the weapon types used. A transdisciplinary suite of non-destructive methods of analysis was transformed into an effective workflow and applied successfully. The methods cover 3D-Imaging-Analysis and 3D-Reconstructions in connection with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), originally used in the field of engineering sciences. The FEA enables, among other aspects, to numerically verify or falsify initial hypotheses concerning injury processes and weapon efficiency. In order to generate further archaeological knowledge, a wider study of palaeomechanic investigations of Bronze-Age finds aims to standardize this workflow on the basis of a representative material base. The data thus obtained will be used for the development of diagnostic criteria for the differentiation of specific injury patterns in relation to the weapons which caused them, the possible use of protective armour and the applied strength, as well as the shooting-distances. This will not only help in reconstructing prehistoric conflicts and addressing further archaeological issues, but also offers a new basis for the analysis of injury processes in the field of Forensic Science.

有许多史前人类骨头都有人际暴力造成的伤害模式。作为 DFG 资助的项目 (JA 1835-2) 调查托伦斯塔尔（梅克伦堡-西波美拉尼亚）早期青铜时代大规模冲突的一部分，对各种损伤进行了人类学检查。然而，仅使用保守或实验方法很难确定导致创伤的复杂且高度动态的过程。因此，从 2012 年开始，开发了一种方法过程（古力学），它代表了影响骨骼的外部机械力与特定损伤模式以及所使用的武器类型之间的关系。一套跨学科的非破坏性分析方法已转变为有效的工作流程并成功应用。这些方法涵盖了与有限元分析 (FEA) 相关的 3D 成像分析和 3D 重建，最初用于工程科学领域。除其他方面外，FEA 还能够以数字方式验证或证伪有关损伤过程和武器效率的初始假设。为了产生更多的考古知识，对青铜时代发现的古力学调查进行更广泛的研究，旨在在代表性材料基础的基础上标准化该工作流程。由此获得的数据将用于制定诊断标准，以区分特定伤害模式与造成伤害的武器、防护装甲的可能使用和施加的强度以及射击距离。这不仅有助于重建史前冲突和解决进一步的考古问题，而且为法医学领域的伤害过程分析提供新的基础。