Palaeomechanical investigations concerning the coherence of injury patterns and weapon efficiency on the basis of bronze-age human bones and weapons.

有许多史前人类的骨头都有人际暴力造成的伤害模式。作为DFG资助的项目（JA 1835-2）的一部分，调查了Tollensetal（梅克伦堡-西波美拉尼亚）青铜时代早期的大规模冲突，对各种病变进行了人类学研究。然而，导致创伤的复杂和高度动态的过程很难只用保守或实验方法来确定。因此，从2012年开始，开发了一个方法程序（古力学），该程序反映了影响骨骼的外部机械力与特定损伤模式以及所用武器类型之间的关系。一套跨学科的非破坏性分析方法被转化为一个有效的工作流程，并成功地应用。这些方法涵盖了与有限元分析（FEA）相关的3D成像分析和3D重建，最初用于工程科学领域。有限元分析使，除其他方面外，数值验证或证伪有关伤害过程和武器效率的初始假设。为了产生进一步的考古知识，对青铜时代发现的古力学调查进行了更广泛的研究，旨在根据代表性的材料基础标准化这一工作流程。由此获得的数据将用于制定诊断标准，以区分与造成伤害的武器有关的具体伤害模式、防护装甲的可能使用和所用强度以及射击距离。这不仅有助于重建史前冲突和解决进一步的考古问题，而且还为法医学领域的伤害过程分析提供了新的基础。

There are numerous prehistoric human bones with injury patterns caused by interpersonal violence. As part of the DFG-funded project (JA 1835-2) investigating an early Bronze Age mass-conflict in the Tollensetal (Mecklenburg-West Pomerania), various lesions were examined anthropologically. Nevertheless, the complicated and highly dynamic processes which led to traumata are very difficult to determine using only conservative or experimental methods. Hence beginning in 2012 a methodological process (Palaeomechanics) was developed, which represents the relations between the external mechanical forces affecting the bone and specific injury patterns, as well as the weapon types used. A transdisciplinary suite of non-destructive methods of analysis was transformed into an effective workflow and applied successfully. The methods cover 3D-Imaging-Analysis and 3D-Reconstructions in connection with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), originally used in the field of engineering sciences. The FEA enables, among other aspects, to numerically verify or falsify initial hypotheses concerning injury processes and weapon efficiency. In order to generate further archaeological knowledge, a wider study of palaeomechanic investigations of Bronze-Age finds aims to standardize this workflow on the basis of a representative material base. The data thus obtained will be used for the development of diagnostic criteria for the differentiation of specific injury patterns in relation to the weapons which caused them, the possible use of protective armour and the applied strength, as well as the shooting-distances. This will not only help in reconstructing prehistoric conflicts and addressing further archaeological issues, but also offers a new basis for the analysis of injury processes in the field of Forensic Science.