Interactions between fire, vegetation and climate

火灾、植被和气候之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 338130981
• 负责人: Dr. Gitta Lasslop
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/338130981?language=en
• 关键词: Interactions; between; fire; vegetation; climate

This project aims to improve the understanding on the interactions between fire, vegetation and climate. In particular, I will address when and where interactions between fire, vegetation and climate cause multiple stable states of vegetation.Multi-stability has implications for an ecosystem's resilience including the possibility for abrupt changes. Multiple stable states of vegetation due to fire-vegetation interactions are expected based on theoretical analyses, satellite data, field studies and simulation models. Due to different fuel characteristics and a different microclimate grasses support frequent fires, which hinders the establishment of trees. On the other hand the formation of a forest with coarse fuels and moister microclimate can exclude fires. This feedback between fire and vegetation stabilizes vegetation states with high or low tree cover. Until recently the feedback between fire and vegetation was only captured by regional or conceptual models. The implementation of a complex fire model in the JSBACH land surface model provided the first global picture of multiple stable states of vegetation due to a fire-vegetation feedback.JSBACH has the advantage of being a global model and the possibility of being coupled to the MPI-ESM Earth system model. However, regional vegetation models and offline (no coupling to atmosphere) models benefit from better evaluation with observations and a detailed process representation. Here I propose a comparison between models with different complexity (JSBACH, LPJ-GUESS, aDGVM, aDGVM2) to assess the robustness of the models sensitivity to climate and address how a different process representation influences the feedback between fire and vegetation. The land surface has a strong influence on climate through changes in albedo, transpiration and surface roughness. Thus, local fire-vegetation processes which alter the land surface state can trigger large scale transitions in climate. To investigate this scale interaction and assess potential effects on climate, I propose to use the MPI Earth System Model.In addition to investigating the modelled fire-vegetation-climate interactions, I aim to test the models with data. New high resolution satellite data products allow assessment of the response of fire occurrence to changes in vegetation cover. An analysis of these satellite datasets will provide a basis to evaluate the modelled sensitivity of fire occurrence to vegetation changes.The results of the proposed studies will be synthesized to address the questions when and where interactions between fire, vegetation and climate are important and what are the remaining gaps of knowledge on interactions between fire, vegetation and climate.

该项目旨在提高对火，植被和气候之间相互作用的理解。特别是，我将讨论何时何地火，植被和气候之间的相互作用导致植被的多重稳定状态。多重稳定性对生态系统的恢复力有影响，包括突然变化的可能性。根据理论分析、卫星数据、实地研究和模拟模型，预计火灾-植被相互作用会导致植被的多种稳定状态。由于不同的燃料特性和不同的小气候，草支持频繁的火灾，这阻碍了树木的建立。另一方面，森林的形成与粗燃料和潮湿的小气候可以排除火灾。火和植被之间的这种反馈稳定了植被状态与高或低的树木覆盖。直到最近，火灾和植被之间的反馈只被区域或概念模型捕获。在JSBACH陆面模式中实现了一个复杂的火灾模式，首次提供了由于火灾-植被反馈而导致的植被多稳定状态的全球图像，JSBACH具有全球模式的优势，并有可能与MPI-ESM地球系统模式耦合。然而，区域植被模型和离线（没有耦合到大气）模型受益于更好的评估与观察和详细的过程表示。在这里，我提出了不同的复杂性模型（JSBACH，LPJ-GUESS，aDGVM，aDGVM 2）之间的比较，以评估模型对气候的敏感性的鲁棒性，并解决不同的过程表示如何影响火灾和植被之间的反馈。陆地表面通过蒸发、蒸腾和表面粗糙度的变化对气候有很大的影响。因此，改变陆地表面状态的局部火灾植被过程可以触发大规模的气候转变。为了研究这种尺度的相互作用并评估对气候的潜在影响，我建议使用MPI地球系统模式。除了研究模拟的火灾-植被-气候相互作用外，我的目标是用数据来测试模型。新的高分辨率卫星数据产品使人们能够评估火灾发生对植被覆盖变化的反应。对这些卫星数据集的分析将为评估火灾发生对植被变化的模拟敏感性提供基础，将综合拟议研究的结果，以解决火灾、植被和气候之间的相互作用在何时何地重要的问题，以及在火灾、植被和气候之间的相互作用方面还存在哪些知识空白。

项目成果

Influence of Fire on the Carbon Cycle and Climate

• DOI: 10.1007/s40641-019-00128-9
• 发表时间: 2019-06
• 期刊: Current Climate Change Reports
• 影响因子: 9.5
• 作者: G. Lasslop;Alysha I. Coppola;A. Voulgarakis;C. Yue;S. Veraverbeke

Tropical climate–vegetation–fire relationships: multivariate evaluation of the land surface model JSBACH

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-15-5969-2018
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: G. Lasslop;T. Moeller;D. D’Onofrio;S. Hantson;S. Kloster

Historical (1700-2012) global multi-model estimates of the fire emissions from the Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project (FireMIP)

火灾模拟比对项目 (FireMIP) 对火灾排放的历史（1700 年至 2012 年）全球多模型估计

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-12545-2019
• 发表时间: 2019-10-09
• 期刊: ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Li, Fang;Martin, Maria Val;Rabin, Sam S.
• 通讯作者: Rabin, Sam S.

Emergent relationships with respect to burned area in global satellite observations and fire-enabled vegetation models

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-57-2019
• 发表时间: 2019-01-11
• 期刊: BIOGEOSCIENCES
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Forkel, Matthias;Andela, Niels;Arneth, Almut
• 通讯作者: Arneth, Almut

Response of simulated burned area to historical changes in environmental and anthropogenic factors: a comparison of seven fire models

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-3883-2019
• 发表时间: 2019-10
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Lina Teckentrup;S. Harrison;S. Hantson;A. Heil;J. Melton;M. Forrest;Fang Li;C. Yue;A. Arneth;T. Hickler;S. Sitch;G. Lasslop