RESAF: Resource exploitation and antique mining in Afghanistan

RESAF：阿富汗的资源开发和古董开采

• 批准号: 362912084
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Nikolaus Boroffka
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Eurasien
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/362912084?language=en
• 关键词: RESAF; Resource; exploitation; antique; mining

The ore and mineral wealth of Afghanistans has long been known and has been exploited since the Stone Age. Special interest was accorded to Lapislazuli, as wel as to the metals tin, gold and copper. The significance of these resources and the role of Afghanistan in the scientific discussion has for decades been waiting for reliable proof and is therefore highly hypothetical. Verified data is available only for neighbouring countries at present and the role of Afghanistan as pivotal area in the raw material provider in early bronze metallurgy has remained an urgent desiderate in research.During preparatory research so far an early silver exploitation of the 3rd-2nd Millennium BC in the Panjshir-Valley and first chemical and isotopic characterisations for the copper depsoits of Mes Aynak and Farinjal could successfully be started. This work also demonstrates, that in spite of the difficult situation important new results can be achieved.The aim of the proposed project is to extend and improve the database on archaeometallurgy and mining. Fieldwork in the country is planned with a main scope of collecting ore samples, as well as the analysis and sampling of objects in the museums, beginning with the national Museum in Kabul. Jointly with the CEZA Mannheim and the DBM Bochum the samples are to be analysed in order to characterise the deposits in detail and to classify the archaeological finds in their material composition and cultural affinity. New knowledge on prehistoric resource exploitation and distribution networks should result from this, which will allow placing Afghanistan in a wider context.An essential component of this classification is the introduction of the gained data into a Geo-Information-System, by which information on various aspects can easily be accessed. Partly this GIS has already been constructed by the DAI, but newer fieldwork results with numerous sites are still missing, as well as the obtaining and interpreting of satellite images (especially CORONA).The documentation and protection of endangered cultural heritage is an important part of the project. Mining is not seen as only a technical monument, but is also always considered in identity building - among miners there is a global special solidarity. Besides the destructions due to armed conflict, in Afghanistan modern improvements and measures for infrastructure put heritage monuments at risk. Modern mining activity not only endangers the ancient works, but also the complementary settlements and cemeteries, as may be clearly observed in the case of Mes Aynak. Modern study and documentation contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage.Besides our own work in the field and in the museums the schooling and training of, especially younger, Afghan colleagues is of fundamental importance for sustainable heritage conservation. Joint workshops, publications and exhibitions are planned in order to achieve this.

自石器时代以来，阿富汗人的矿石和矿产财富一直闻名。 Lapislazuli和金属锡，黄金和铜一样引起了特殊的兴趣。这些资源的重要性以及阿富汗在科学讨论中的作用数十年来一直在等待可靠的证据，因此是高度假设的。经过验证的数据仅适用于目前的邻国，以及阿富汗作为早期青铜冶金学的原材料提供商在原材料提供商中的作用，在研究中是紧迫的研究。迄今为止的预备研究是对PANJSHIR-VALLEY和ISOS PERSTOP的第3千年千年bc的早期银色剥削，该研究是对MIS和ISOTICEPIC的第3千年千年型的，用于Copectic和Isos thement and iSotopic themens themess and Isers thements a。 Farinjal可以成功开始。这项工作还表明，尽管情况很困难，但可以取得重要的新结果。拟议项目的目的是扩展和改善有关考古术和采矿的数据库。该国的现场工作计划以收集矿石样本的主要范围，以及博物馆中物品的分析和采样，从喀布尔国家博物馆开始。与Ceza Mannheim和DBM Bochum共同分析样品，以详细表征沉积物并将其物质组成和文化亲和力中的考古发现分类。有关史前资源开发和分销网络的新知识应由此产生，这将允许将阿富汗放在更广泛的环境中。此分类的重要组成部分是将所获得的数据引入地理信息系统中，可以轻松访问各个方面的信息。部分是由DAI构建的，但是较新的现场工作结果仍然缺少许多站点，以及获得和解释卫星图像（尤其是Corona）。濒危文化遗产的文档和保护是该项目的重要组成部分。采矿不仅被视为技术纪念碑，但在身份建设中也总是被认为 - 在矿工中，有一个全球特殊的团结。除了由于武装冲突而造成的破坏外，在阿富汗的现代改进和基础设施的措施使遗产纪念碑处于危险之中。现代采矿活动不仅危害古老的作品，而且危害了互补的定居点和墓地，在Mes Aynak的情况下可以清楚地观察到。现代研究和文档有助于保存文化遗产。Besives我们自己在该领域和博物馆中的工作，尤其是年轻的阿富汗同事的教育和培训对于可持续遗产保护至关重要。计划实现联合讲习班，出版物和展览。