RESAF: Resource exploitation and antique mining in Afghanistan

RESAF：阿富汗的资源开发和古董开采

• 批准号: 362912084
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Nikolaus Boroffka
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Eurasien
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/362912084?language=en
• 关键词: RESAF; Resource; exploitation; antique; mining

The ore and mineral wealth of Afghanistans has long been known and has been exploited since the Stone Age. Special interest was accorded to Lapislazuli, as wel as to the metals tin, gold and copper. The significance of these resources and the role of Afghanistan in the scientific discussion has for decades been waiting for reliable proof and is therefore highly hypothetical. Verified data is available only for neighbouring countries at present and the role of Afghanistan as pivotal area in the raw material provider in early bronze metallurgy has remained an urgent desiderate in research.During preparatory research so far an early silver exploitation of the 3rd-2nd Millennium BC in the Panjshir-Valley and first chemical and isotopic characterisations for the copper depsoits of Mes Aynak and Farinjal could successfully be started. This work also demonstrates, that in spite of the difficult situation important new results can be achieved.The aim of the proposed project is to extend and improve the database on archaeometallurgy and mining. Fieldwork in the country is planned with a main scope of collecting ore samples, as well as the analysis and sampling of objects in the museums, beginning with the national Museum in Kabul. Jointly with the CEZA Mannheim and the DBM Bochum the samples are to be analysed in order to characterise the deposits in detail and to classify the archaeological finds in their material composition and cultural affinity. New knowledge on prehistoric resource exploitation and distribution networks should result from this, which will allow placing Afghanistan in a wider context.An essential component of this classification is the introduction of the gained data into a Geo-Information-System, by which information on various aspects can easily be accessed. Partly this GIS has already been constructed by the DAI, but newer fieldwork results with numerous sites are still missing, as well as the obtaining and interpreting of satellite images (especially CORONA).The documentation and protection of endangered cultural heritage is an important part of the project. Mining is not seen as only a technical monument, but is also always considered in identity building - among miners there is a global special solidarity. Besides the destructions due to armed conflict, in Afghanistan modern improvements and measures for infrastructure put heritage monuments at risk. Modern mining activity not only endangers the ancient works, but also the complementary settlements and cemeteries, as may be clearly observed in the case of Mes Aynak. Modern study and documentation contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage.Besides our own work in the field and in the museums the schooling and training of, especially younger, Afghan colleagues is of fundamental importance for sustainable heritage conservation. Joint workshops, publications and exhibitions are planned in order to achieve this.

阿富汗的矿石和矿产资源早在石器时代就已为人所知，并已被开采。特别感兴趣的是青金石，以及金属锡，金和铜。这些资源的重要性和阿富汗在科学讨论中的作用几十年来一直在等待可靠的证据，因此高度假设。目前只有邻国的数据得到证实，阿富汗作为早期青铜冶金原料提供者的关键地区的作用仍然是研究中迫切需要的。在迄今为止的预备研究期间，在Panjshir的公元前3 - 2千年的早期银开采-Mes Aynak和Farinjal铜矿床的第一个化学和同位素特征可以成功开始。这项工作还表明，尽管困难的情况下，可以取得重要的新成果。拟议项目的目的是扩大和改善考古和采矿数据库。计划在该国进行实地工作，主要范围是收集矿石样品，以及对博物馆中的物品进行分析和取样，首先是喀布尔的国家博物馆。将与CEZA曼海姆和DBM波鸿联合分析样品，以详细描述沉积物，并根据材料组成和文化亲和力对考古发现进行分类。这一分类的一个重要组成部分是将获得的数据引入地理信息系统，通过该系统可以很容易地获取有关各个方面的信息。该地理信息系统的一部分已经由DAI构建，但仍缺少许多遗址的最新实地调查结果，以及卫星图像（特别是CORONA）的获取和解释。采矿不仅被视为一个技术纪念碑，而且总是被视为身份建设-在矿工之间有一个全球性的特殊团结。除了武装冲突造成的破坏外，阿富汗的现代基础设施改进和措施也使遗产古迹面临风险。现代采矿活动不仅危及古代工程，而且还危及辅助定居点和墓地，这在Mes Aynak的情况下可以清楚地观察到。现代研究和文献有助于文化遗产的保护，除了我们自己在实地和博物馆的工作外，对阿富汗同事，特别是年轻同事的教育和培训对于可持续的遗产保护至关重要。为此，计划举办联合讲习班、出版物和展览。