Integrated 3D structural, thermal, gravity and rheological modeling of the Alps and their forelands -INTEGRATE

该项目的目的是为了更好地了解阿尔卑斯造山带及其前陆下的地壳和上地幔，并测试关于俯冲系统结构以及变形和地震活动分布的不同假设。因此，我们计划将迄今为止公开的关于沉积物和结晶地壳性质（几何形状、地震速度和密度）的地球科学观测与地壳下地幔的地震学非均质性结合起来，形成一个一致的基于数据的3D结构模型，该模型解决了造山带和前陆组成单元物理性质的一级对比。导出的结构模型将受到使用新的岩石学概念和数字表面密度模型（3D）的3D重力建模的约束。因此，所得到的密度模型将通过高分辨率陆地重/磁场汇编和现代卫星数据、重力梯度和磁场数据进行验证。这样的组合模型将为其他类型的数据处理提供参考，是破译深部质量变化如何影响造山带演化的关键一步。这些3D模型将用于估计GPE（重力势能）和应力，以及对现有岩石圈均衡模型的调查，并将随着即将到来的AlpArray地震数据的使用而不断扩展。进一步的应用是根据地壳和地幔组成的岩石学假设推导出岩石圈温度场。研究区域热流对阿尔卑斯山脉及其前陆盆地的影响，以及随时间的弯曲状态变化，这些变化控制着山地带的动态演化响应。从这些三维密度、热学和岩性模型出发，推导并讨论应力场和变形场背景下的综合强度。主题3：造山过程中地壳和地幔的变形，该项目将提供不同地壳单元和岩石圈地幔的形态，以及造山带-前陆系统的均衡和流变条件。对于主题4：运动模式和地震活动性，拟议项目的结果将支持识别与流变结构、整个系统的弯曲刚度变化以及地壳和岩石圈地幔物理性质对比分布相关的断层和地震活动性的空间模式。根据其区域特点，该项目与特别方案的不同活动领域相联系，与特别方案的许多工作组不断交流结果将有助于数据处理和解释。

The aim of this project is to obtain a better understanding of the crust and the uppermost mantle beneath the Alpine orogen and its forelands and to test different hypotheses on the configuration of the subduction system as well as on the distribution of deformation and seismicity. Therefore we plan to integrate the geoscientific observations publicly available so far on properties of the sediments and the crystalline crust (geometry, seismic velocities, and densities) with seismologically derived heterogeneities in the sub-crustal mantle into a consistent data-based 3D structural model that resolves the first order contrasts in physical properties of the units composing the orogen and the forelands. The derived structural model will be constrained by 3D gravity modelling using new petrological concepts and a digital surface density model (3D). Therefore, the resulting density model will be validated by a high-resolution terrestrial gravity/magnetic field compilation and modern satellite data, gravity gradients and magnetic field data. Such a combined model will provide a reference for other types of data processing and is a crucial step forward in deciphering how deep-seated mass changes affect the evolution of the orogen. These 3D models will be used for estimates of GPE (gravitational potential energy) and stresses in addition to investigations of existing isostasy models of the lithosphere and will continuously be extended with the use of the upcoming AlpArray seismological data. A further application is to derive a lithospheric temperature field based on petrological assumptions on the composition of the crust and mantle. This is done to study the effect of regional heat-flow into the Alps and their foreland basins and the flexural regime changes through time, which govern the response to the dynamic evolution of the mountain belt. Starting from these 3D density thermal and lithology models, the integrated strength will be derived and discussed in the context of stress and deformation fields. The project contributes to Themes 3 and 4 of the call for proposals: For Theme 3: deformation of the crust and mantle during mountain building, the project will provide the configuration of the different crustal units and of the lithospheric mantle and the isostatic and rheological conditions of the orogen-foreland system. For Theme 4: motion patterns and seismicity, the outcome of the proposed project will support identifying spatial patterns of faulting and seismicity in relation to the rheological configuration, the variations of flexural rigidity across the system and the distribution of contrasts in physical properties in the crust as well as the lithospheric mantle. In response to its regional character, the project links with the different activity fields of the SPP and a continuous exchange of results with many working groups in the SPP will support data processing and interpretation.