Polar fish in a changing world: metabolic responses to multiple environmental stressors (PISCES)

不断变化的世界中的极地鱼类：对多种环境压力源的代谢反应（双鱼座）

• 批准号: 365819188
• 负责人: Dr. Anneli Strobel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI) Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/365819188?language=en
• 关键词: Polar; fish; changing; world; metabolic

Both the Arctic and Antarctic ecosystem are progressively exposed to multiple anthropogenic environmental influences, e.g. ocean warming, ocean acidification and organic pollutants. The physiological performance of stenotherm, Antarctic notothenioid fish is evolutionary restricted to a very narrow thermal range over evolutionary timescales. These adaptations involve genetic and functional losses, which might be essential for the adaptation to environmental changes. In contrast, stenotherm Arctic gadoids been (evolutionary) exposed to a comparably more fluctuating habitat. Considering the evolutionary history of Arctic and Antarctic fish, they are likely to display different sensitivities to environmental changes.Generally, stenotherm fish possess only limited cardiorespiratory capacities for warm acclimation, and cardiac capacities are supposed to be a key factor in limiting the tolerance towards environmental changes. Studies also indicate negative and joint multi stressor impacts of ocean acidification and warming on embryos and larvae of polar species. Additionally, multiple stressors likely involve energetic trade-offs between basal maintenance and other essential energy requiring functions in fish.This project will evaluate how the multiple environmental stressors anthropogenic pollution, climate warming and ocean acidification will affect the energy metabolism (aerobic scope) of different life stages of Arctic and Antarctic fish. The central questions are: - Is there evidence that multiple stressors, i.e. warming and elevated pCO2 confine the chemical biotransformation capability of Polar fish? - Will multiple stressors cause shifts in the energy budget of Arctic and Antarctic fish?- How does toxicant exposure influence cardiac and aerobic performance in different life stages of polar fish?- What adverse outcomes are to be expected for gadoids and notothenioids from an ecological point of view?In an integrative approach, the proposal aims at providing a mechanistic understanding of molecular, mitochondrial, cellular, and metabolic processes that underlie and define the fish s vulnerability towards environmental stressors. Scopes for acclimation (as a measure for evolutionary adaptation potential) will be studied in various life stages of polar fish to identify the most sensitive developmental stages to environmental change.For a latitudinal comparison of tolerance to environmental factors the project will use stenotherm species comparable in terms of ecology and biology to obtain the best sensitivity data of Arctic vs. Antarctic species with a very different evolutionary history.To this end, the proposal aims at assessing the physiological vulnerability of Polar fish to climate change for future assessments of the actual risk of these fish towards anthropogenic stressors. Overall, the project will contribute to specify management, mitigation and conservation measures for the Polar ecosystems against on-going global change.

北极和南极的生态系统都逐渐受到多种人为环境影响，例如海洋变暖、海洋酸化和有机污染物。狭温鱼类的生理表现，南极南极notothenioid鱼的进化限制在一个非常狭窄的温度范围内的进化时间尺度。这些适应涉及遗传和功能的丧失，这可能是适应环境变化所必需的。相比之下，stenotherm北极gadoids（进化）暴露在一个更大的波动栖息地。考虑到北极和南极鱼类的进化历史，它们对环境变化的敏感性可能有所不同，一般来说，狭温鱼类对温驯化的心肺能力有限，而心脏容量被认为是限制对环境变化的耐受性的关键因素。研究还表明，海洋酸化和变暖对极地物种的胚胎和幼体产生了负面和共同的多重压力影响。此外，多种压力可能涉及能量平衡之间的基础维护和其他基本的能量需求functions.This项目将评估多种环境压力的人为污染，气候变暖和海洋酸化将如何影响能量代谢（有氧范围）的不同生命阶段的北极和南极鱼。核心问题是：- 是否有证据表明多种压力因素，即变暖和pCO 2升高限制了极地鱼类的化学生物转化能力？- 多重压力会导致北极和南极鱼类能量预算的变化吗？有毒物质暴露如何影响极地鱼类不同生命阶段的心脏和有氧性能？从生态学的角度来看，对鳕形目和脊索鱼类预期会有什么不利的结果？在一个综合的方法，该提案的目的是提供分子，线粒体，细胞和代谢过程的基础和定义鱼的脆弱性对环境压力的机械理解。驯化范围（作为衡量进化适应潜力的尺度）为了进行对环境因素耐受性的纬度比较，该项目将使用在生态学和生物学方面具有可比性的窄温鱼类物种，以获得进化非常不同的北极与南极物种的最佳敏感性数据为此，该提案旨在评估北极鱼类对气候变化的生理脆弱性，以便今后评估这些鱼类对人为压力的实际风险。总的来说，该项目将有助于为极地生态系统针对持续的全球变化制定具体的管理、缓解和保护措施。