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Nano textured core-shell carbide-derived carbon particles for electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalysis (COSH-CDC)

用于电化学储能和电催化的纳米结构核壳碳化物衍生碳颗粒（COSH-CDC）

基本信息

批准号：
374564898
负责人：
Professor Dr.-Ing. Bastian Etzold
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien gGmbH (INM)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/374564898?language=en
关键词：
Nano textured core shell carbide

项目摘要

In this project, we will synthesize core/shell hybrid materials for electrochemical applications, based on a novel two-step synthesis that we have recently developed. Using a metal carbide powder, our approach is to first achieve partial transformation of the outer part of the granular material to carbide-derived carbon (CDC) by chlorination. The second step employs either calcination of the residual core (yielding metal oxide for energy storage applications), or a second chlorination step (yielding a carbon core with a porosity very different from the shell for electrocatalysis). The key of partial transition of carbide-to-CDC is the use of homogenously distributed NiCl2, yielding a highly controllable in situ formation of chlorine gas in a precisely tuned stoichiometric ratio. The use of different metal carbides, namely, TiC, VC, NbC, and Mo2C, enables us to design different metal oxide cores (for energy storage) or different porosities of the core (for electrocatalysis).Recent joint work of the two PIs has established the feasibility of both core/shell designs, namely, metal oxide / CDC and CDC/CDC core shell particles. Yet, a systematic and comprehensive understanding of structure/property correlations and surveying of the electrochemical properties is still missing. Bringing the key expertise of synthesis, electrochemical energy storage, and electrocatalysis of the Etzold Group (TU Darmstadt) and Presser Group (INM Saarbrücken), we will be able to create synergistic added value and provide for the project-involved PhD students a vibrant collaborative research environment to broaden their knowledge beyond a selected electrochemical application.Electrochemical energy storage of our core/shell particles will capitalize on the high charge storage capacity of the metal oxide core, which can only be utilized because of the high electrical conductivity of the mesoporous carbon shell. By this way, no additional conductive additive is required to be added and possibly high power handling can be enabled. Having a metal oxide core and a carbon shell is also different from a large amount of current hybrid material works, where the metal oxide is grown on top of the carbon substrate. We will investigate aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes to study the hybrid materials' redox-activity and lithium ion intercalation ability.For electrocatalysis, platinum will be deposited on the hierarchically structured carbons with graphitic and mesoporous shell and microporous and amorphous cores. The influence of the special carbon architecture on cathode (oxidation reduction reaction) and anode site (hydrogen oxidation reaction; methanol oxidation reaction) fuel cell reactions will be studied. Thereby improved performance is expected as the core facilitates a high dispersion and thus activity of the catalyst, while the shell improves with its mesoporosity the mass transfer and reduces with its graphitic character the Ohmic resistance.

在这个项目中，我们将合成核/壳杂化材料的电化学应用，基于一种新的两步合成，我们最近开发的。使用金属碳化物粉末，我们的方法是首先通过氯化将颗粒材料的外部部分部分转化为碳化物衍生碳（CDC）。第二步采用剩余核的煅烧（产生用于能量存储应用的金属氧化物）或第二氯化步骤（产生具有与用于电催化的壳非常不同的孔隙率的碳核）。碳化物部分转变为CDC的关键是使用均匀分布的NiCl 2，以精确调整的化学计量比产生高度可控的氯气原位形成。使用不同的金属碳化物，即TiC，VC，NbC和Mo 2C，使我们能够设计不同的金属氧化物核（用于能量存储）或不同孔隙率的核（用于电催化）。最近两个PI的联合工作已经建立了核/壳设计的可行性，即金属氧化物/ CDC和CDC/CDC核壳颗粒。然而，仍然缺少对结构/性质相关性的系统和全面的理解以及对电化学性质的测量。将Etzold集团在合成、电化学储能和电催化方面的关键专业知识（达姆施塔特工业大学）和Presser集团（INM萨尔布吕肯），我们将能够创造协同的附加值，并为参与项目的博士生提供一个充满活力的合作研究环境，以拓宽他们的知识，超越选定的电化学应用。我们的核心/壳颗粒将利用金属氧化物核的高电荷存储容量，由于中孔碳壳的高电导率，该高电荷存储容量只能被利用。通过这种方式，不需要添加额外的导电添加剂，并且可以实现可能的高功率处理。具有金属氧化物核和碳壳也不同于当前大量的混合材料作品，其中金属氧化物生长在碳基底的顶部。在水溶液和非水溶液中，研究了杂化材料的氧化还原活性和嵌锂能力。在电催化方面，将铂沉积在具有石墨和介孔外壳以及微孔和无定形核的分级结构碳上。将研究特殊的碳结构对阴极（氧化还原反应）和阳极位置（氢氧化反应;甲醇氧化反应）燃料电池反应的影响。因此，由于核有助于催化剂的高分散性并因此有助于催化剂的高活性，因此预期改进的性能，而壳通过其中孔性改进了传质并通过其石墨特性降低了欧姆电阻。