PALEODIET: Calibration and application of novel stable isotope (Ca, Sr and Zn) proxies for paleodietary reconstructions

PALEODIET：用于古饮食重建的新型稳定同位素（Ca、Sr 和 Zn）代理的校准和应用

• 批准号: 378496604
• 负责人: Dr. Klervia Jaouen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/378496604?language=en
• 关键词: PALEODIET; Calibration; application; novel; stable

We are what we eat: diet can be inferred from stable isotope compositions of bones and teeth of humans which have been studied since 40 years to reconstruct the diets of past populations. Much progress has been made in the field of human paleodiet research using nitrogen and carbon isotopes. However, these classical dietary proxies, especially the collagen-based nitrogen isotopes, are due to diagenetic biases often difficult to apply beyond 50,000 years BP. Paleolithic hominin diets can therefore not be easily assessed. The objectives of the PALEODIET research project are to: 1) calibrate and combine new non-traditional stable isotope (Zn, Ca, Sr) proxies capable of assessing dietary information currently beyond reach, 2) apply this new isotope toolbox to provide uprecedent insights into Neanderthal diets and enable us to test prevailing feeding hypotheses. Variations in Zn, Ca and stable Sr isotopic compositions can be used to fingerprint food sources that cannot be identified with current dietary proxies and quantify the consumption of different food categories. This proposal focuses on three main topics: 1) characterize the zinc isotope compositions of important human food sources, 2) assess bone marrow and fat consumption in Paleolithic food webs and Neanderthal diets, 3) determine fish and shellfish exploitation of protohistoric populations from Brazil and Portugal. By calibrating and applying Zn, Ca as well as stable Sr isotopes on modern and upper/middle Paleolithic faunal and human remains, we will develop new dietary proxies that have the potential to be applied to ancient fossil skeletal remains. This will provide new insights into the link between major dietary transitions (i.e. first animal protein and shellfish consumption) and main evolutionary steps of the human lineage.

人如其食：饮食可以从人类骨骼和牙齿的稳定同位素成分推断出来，40 年来人们一直在研究这些成分，以重建过去人群的饮食。利用氮和碳同位素进行人类古饮食研究领域已经取得了很大进展。然而，这些经典的饮食指标，尤其是基于胶原蛋白的氮同位素，是由于成岩作用偏差而导致的，通常很难在距今 50,000 年之后应用。因此，很难评估旧石器时代人类的饮食。 PALEODIET 研究项目的目标是：1）校准和组合新的非传统稳定同位素（Zn、Ca、Sr）代理，能够评估目前无法达到的饮食信息，2）应用这个新的同位素工具箱来提供对尼安德特人饮食的最新见解，并使我们能够测试流行的喂养假设。锌、钙和稳定锶同位素组成的变化可用于对当前饮食指标无法识别的食物来源进行指纹识别，并量化不同食物类别的消耗。该提案重点关注三个主要主题：1）表征重要人类食物来源的锌同位素组成，2）评估旧石器时代食物网和尼安德特人饮食中的骨髓和脂肪消耗，3）确定巴西和葡萄牙史前人群对鱼类和贝类的利用。通过在现代和上/中旧石器时代动物和人类遗骸上校准和应用锌、钙以及稳定的锶同位素，我们将开发有潜力应用于古代骨骼化石遗骸的新饮食指标。这将为主要饮食转变（即首先摄入动物蛋白和贝类）与人类谱系的主要进化步骤之间的联系提供新的见解。