Diversity of glomeromycota, basidiomycetous yeasts and genes encoding laccase like multicopper oxidases along land use gradients at the German biodiversity exploratories

尽管土壤真菌与所有生物类群有关，并支配着土壤中元素的循环，但对土壤真菌多样性的探索却很少。它的研究现在是通过聚合酶链反应等分子技术来实现的，然而，这种技术既费时又费钱，还会引入偏差，而且不允许分离土壤真菌的活性部分。本项目探讨了一种策略，包括筛选从土地利用梯度中获得的土壤宏基因组文库，以过滤具有差异存在的目标。目标将属于肾小球菌科，一种与大多数陆地植物建立菌根共生的真菌群，以及担子菌酵母，一种单细胞土壤真菌群。此外，编码漆酶的基因，如多铜氧化酶，即参与土壤有机质周转的蛋白质，将在真菌和细菌中筛选。内含目标的插入物的完整测序将提供真菌广泛基因组区域的知识。一旦被选中，目标将用于设计生物芯片，用于分析三个德国生物多样性探索区的不同土壤层的时空变化，并且该方法可以用于进一步的真菌类群。这些分析将通过使用磷脂脂肪酸谱测定微生物生物量和细菌和真菌组分来平行进行。

Diversity of soil fungi is weakly explored although they associate with all organism groups and rule element cycling in soils. Its study is now enabled by molecular techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction, which however is time and money consuming, introduces biases and doesn’t allow to separate the active fraction of the soil fungi. The present project explores a strategy consisting in screening metagenomic libraries obtained from soils taken along gradients of land use for filtering targets with differential presence. The targets will belong to the glomeromycota, a fungal group building mycorrhizal symbioses with most land plants and to the basidiomycetous yeasts, a group of unicellular soil fungi. Also genes encoding for laccase like multi copper oxydases, i.e. proteins involved in soil organic matter turnover, will be screened in fungi and bacteria. Full sequencing of the inserts harbouring the targets will provide knowledge on wide genomic regions of the fungi. Once selected, the targets will serve to design biochips for analysing spatio-temporal variations in different soil horizons in the three German biodiversity exploratories and the approach can serve for further fungal groups. The analyses will be paralleled by determining the microbial biomass and the bacterial and fungal fractions using phospholipid fatty acids profiling.