Diversity of glomeromycota, basidiomycetous yeasts and genes encoding laccase like multicopper oxidases along land use gradients at the German biodiversity exploratories

土壤真菌的多样性虽然与土壤中所有的有机体类群和元素循环有关，但人们对它们的研究还很薄弱。它的研究现在是通过分子技术，如聚合酶链式反应，但这是耗时和金钱，引入偏见，并不允许分离土壤真菌的活性部分。本项目探索了一种策略，包括筛选从沿土地利用梯度采集的土壤中获得的元基因组文库，以筛选具有不同存在的目标。目标将属于球菌门，这是一个与大多数陆地植物建立菌根共生的真菌群，也将属于担子菌酵母，这是一组单细胞土壤真菌。此外，还将在真菌和细菌中筛选编码类似漆酶的多个铜氧合酶的基因，即参与土壤有机质周转的蛋白质。对含有靶标的插入片段进行完整测序将提供有关真菌广泛基因组区域的知识。一旦选定，这些目标将用于设计生物芯片，用于分析德国三个生物多样性探索实验室不同土层中的时空变化，这种方法可以为更多的真菌群体服务。这些分析将通过使用磷脂脂肪酸图谱来确定微生物生物量以及细菌和真菌的部分来进行。

Diversity of soil fungi is weakly explored although they associate with all organism groups and rule element cycling in soils. Its study is now enabled by molecular techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction, which however is time and money consuming, introduces biases and doesn’t allow to separate the active fraction of the soil fungi. The present project explores a strategy consisting in screening metagenomic libraries obtained from soils taken along gradients of land use for filtering targets with differential presence. The targets will belong to the glomeromycota, a fungal group building mycorrhizal symbioses with most land plants and to the basidiomycetous yeasts, a group of unicellular soil fungi. Also genes encoding for laccase like multi copper oxydases, i.e. proteins involved in soil organic matter turnover, will be screened in fungi and bacteria. Full sequencing of the inserts harbouring the targets will provide knowledge on wide genomic regions of the fungi. Once selected, the targets will serve to design biochips for analysing spatio-temporal variations in different soil horizons in the three German biodiversity exploratories and the approach can serve for further fungal groups. The analyses will be paralleled by determining the microbial biomass and the bacterial and fungal fractions using phospholipid fatty acids profiling.