Diversity of glomeromycota, basidiomycetous yeasts and genes encoding laccase like multicopper oxidases along land use gradients at the German biodiversity exploratories

尽管土壤真菌与所有生物类群都有联系，并控制着土壤中的元素循环，但其多样性研究还很薄弱。它的研究现在可以通过分子技术，如聚合酶链反应，然而，这是耗时耗钱，引入偏见，不允许分离土壤真菌的活性部分。本项目探讨了一种策略，包括筛选宏基因组文库从土壤采取沿着梯度的土地利用与差异存在的过滤目标。目标将属于球菌门，一个与大多数陆地植物建立菌根共生关系的真菌群，以及属于担子菌酵母，一组单细胞土壤真菌。还将在真菌和细菌中筛选编码漆酶样多铜氧化酶的基因，即参与土壤有机质周转的蛋白质。对含有靶标的插入片段的全测序将提供关于真菌的广泛基因组区域的知识。一旦选定，目标将用于设计生物芯片，用于分析德国三个生物多样性探索站不同土壤层的时空变化，该方法可用于进一步的真菌群。将通过使用磷脂脂肪酸分析确定微生物生物量以及细菌和真菌组分来进行分析。

Diversity of soil fungi is weakly explored although they associate with all organism groups and rule element cycling in soils. Its study is now enabled by molecular techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction, which however is time and money consuming, introduces biases and doesn’t allow to separate the active fraction of the soil fungi. The present project explores a strategy consisting in screening metagenomic libraries obtained from soils taken along gradients of land use for filtering targets with differential presence. The targets will belong to the glomeromycota, a fungal group building mycorrhizal symbioses with most land plants and to the basidiomycetous yeasts, a group of unicellular soil fungi. Also genes encoding for laccase like multi copper oxydases, i.e. proteins involved in soil organic matter turnover, will be screened in fungi and bacteria. Full sequencing of the inserts harbouring the targets will provide knowledge on wide genomic regions of the fungi. Once selected, the targets will serve to design biochips for analysing spatio-temporal variations in different soil horizons in the three German biodiversity exploratories and the approach can serve for further fungal groups. The analyses will be paralleled by determining the microbial biomass and the bacterial and fungal fractions using phospholipid fatty acids profiling.