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Microevolution of fungal plant parasites by means of adaptation to host and climate - a case study using the Acacia rust genus Ravenelia

真菌植物寄生虫通过适应寄主和气候而进行的微进化——以金合欢锈菌属 Ravenelia 为案例研究

基本信息

批准号：
254569338
负责人：
Professor Dr. Dominik Begerow
金额：
--
依托单位：
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/254569338?language=en
关键词：
Microevolution fungal plant parasites means

项目摘要

Most of the major crop diseases are caused by fungal plant parasites like rice blast fungus, coffee rust or soybean rust. However, besides their destructive effects in agriculture, in more natural ecosystems they are supposed to play important roles in maintaining genetic diversity of their host plants. Host-parasite interactions are among the most studied systems in terms of molecular analysis of the underlying genetic interactions between the two partners. But still, the evolution of host-parasite interactions is only poorly understood. The strong host specificity of some fungi like the rust or smut fungi have been discussed as a result of close coevolution, but so far it seems that several competing theories can explain these observed patterns of host-parasite distribution with similar support and an all-embracing explanation is lacking. While many studies have focused on the long-term effects of coevolution in terms of parallel evolution, the a better understanding of the differential effects of biotic (host genotype) and abiotic factors (e.g. climatic conditions) in shaping the evolutionary outcome of a host-parasite interaction is urgently needed. Thus, in the proposed project we aim to disentangle the influence of host specificity and climate on the microevolution of an Acacia-rust in South Africa using a population genetics approach. The rust fungus Ravenelia macowaniana infects two distinct tree species of the genus Vachellia (Acacia s.l.) distributed in two different climatic regions in South Africa, where both habitats are linked by transition in two isolated localities. A circular sampling design spanning both host species in their major distribution ranges will allow us to separate the different effects on the population level.We will use low coverage genome sequencing of four specimens of Ravenelia macowaniana collected on both host species in distinct regions to develop highly variable microsatellite markers for a population genetic analysis. Based on a dense sampling of 24 populations in total we want to analyse whether the host or the environment exert the higher impact on a plant pathogens genotype. The experimental setup of separated as well as overlapping populations of host tree species in contrasting environments is designed to allow an interpretation with respect to both scenarios, separately and combined. Thus, our project will provide basic information on the evolution of host specific plant parasites in a natural environment. This will allow understanding microevolutionary processes like speciation, host shifts and coevolution much better and our results could serve as a model for agriculture and forestry as well.

大多数主要作物病害是由真菌植物寄生虫引起的，如稻瘟病菌、咖啡锈病或大豆锈病。然而，除了它们对农业的破坏性影响外，在更自然的生态系统中，它们应该在维持寄主植物的遗传多样性方面发挥重要作用。宿主-寄生虫相互作用是研究最多的系统在分子分析方面的潜在遗传相互作用的两个伙伴。但是，宿主-寄生虫相互作用的进化仍然知之甚少。一些真菌如锈病或黑穗病的强宿主特异性已经作为密切共同进化的结果进行了讨论，但到目前为止，似乎有几个相互竞争的理论可以解释这些观察到的宿主-寄生虫分布模式，具有类似的支持，并且缺乏一个全面的解释。虽然许多研究集中在平行进化方面的共同进化的长期影响，但迫切需要更好地了解生物（宿主基因型）和非生物因素（例如气候条件）在形成宿主-寄生虫相互作用的进化结果方面的差异影响。因此，在拟议的项目中，我们的目标是利用群体遗传学方法解开宿主特异性和气候对南非金合欢锈病微进化的影响。锈病真菌Ravenelia macowaniana感染了分布在南非两个不同气候区域的金合欢属（Acacia s.l.）的两种不同树种，这两种栖息地在两个孤立的地方通过过渡联系在一起。在主要分布范围内跨越两种寄主物种的循环抽样设计将使我们能够在种群水平上分离不同的影响。我们将利用在不同地区采集的4个macowaniana Ravenelia标本的低覆盖率基因组测序来开发高度可变的微卫星标记，用于群体遗传分析。基于总共24个种群的密集抽样，我们想分析宿主还是环境对植物病原体基因型的影响更大。在不同的环境中，寄主树种的分离种群和重叠种群的实验设置旨在允许对这两种情况进行单独和组合的解释。因此，我们的项目将为宿主特有的植物寄生虫在自然环境中的进化提供基础信息。这将有助于更好地理解物种形成、宿主转移和共同进化等微观进化过程，我们的研究结果也可以作为农业和林业的模型。