Environmental and economic impacts of shared electric vehicle on the smart grid

在4月至10月的剩余几个月里，我们总结了研究并得出了以下总体发现：结果表明，共享自动驾驶电动汽车（saev）如何有效地吸收可再生能源的过剩发电量，以及提供更复杂的电网服务，而这些服务目前由大型化石燃料发电厂提供。智能充电的使用可以显著降低充电成本，也可以使交通和能源系统之间产生重要的协同效应：研究结果表明，在其他条件相同的情况下，引入电网服务可以诱导一种情况，即扩大车队规模可以节省车队运营商的资金。这对运输服务质量也有影响，因为更大的车队能够以更短的等待时间提供更好的服务。此外，研究还显示了自动驾驶汽车如何成为现有交通方式的一种有吸引力的替代方案。我们展示了这些共享交通系统如何吸引大量目前使用私家车、公共交通工具或步行等积极方式的乘客。关于我们在电动公交车上的工作，我们展示了如何使用电动公交车来支持和稳定能源需求，以及“能源电网服务”如何成为公共交通供应商的额外收入来源。我们讨论了公共汽车运营商可能与能源供应商签订的不同形式的合同。

In the remaining months from April to October we concluded the research and derived overall following findings: The results show how Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles (SAEVs) could be effective at absorbing excess generation from renewable energy, as well as providing more complex grid services which are today provided by large fossil-fueled power plants. The use of smart charging could significantly reduce charging cost, and could also enable important synergies between the transport and energy system: the results show how the introduction of grid services could induce a situation where, all other things equal, expanding the fleet saves the fleet operator money. This has consequences also for the transport service quality, since a larger fleet is able to provide a better service with lower waiting times. Moreover, the research shows how SAEVs could be an attractive alternative to existing transport modes. We show how these shared transport systems could attract a significant proportion of passengers currently using private cars, public transport or active modes such as walking.With respect to our work on electric buses we showed how these can be used to support and stablise energy demand and how "energy grid services" can be an additional source of income for public transport providers. We discussed different forms of contracts a bus operator might make with an energy provider.