German Philosophy of Criminal Law from the Age of Late Absolutism to the End of the Napoleonic Era: A Systematic and Reception-Historic Analysis

18世纪最后几十年和世纪初是德国刑法哲学讨论的历史高峰。《共同法》的刑法被视为严重过时。对一个新的和更现代的刑法概念的希望被投入到哲学中，哲学很快就在刑法思想领域中占据了主导学科的地位。这一发展导致了前所未有的丰富讨论，康德、费希特、叔本华和洪堡等对法律感兴趣的哲学家以及费尔巴哈、格罗尔曼和韦尔克等雄心勃勃的法律的学者都参与了讨论。这场辩论产生了丰富的理论和论点，从那时起就没有被超越过。然而，由于缺乏对讨论者的思想、理论和论点的全面介绍，今天很难接受这一讨论。本项目的目标是填补这一空白。该项目的一个重点将是分析与刑法直接相关的思考如何融入上述作者的整体哲学体系。另一个重点将是展示这些思想是如何受到当代刑法话语的影响，以及它们是如何反过来影响了随后的刑法讨论。我的项目的调查导致了最后一个问题：在我们现在的政治和哲学思维方式的背景下，那个时代的概念在多大程度上仍然令人感兴趣，而且，它们甚至可以作为当代的榜样？

The last decades of the 18th and the early 19th century mark the historical peak of philosophical discussions in German criminal law. The criminal law of the Jus commune (gemeines Recht) was seen as heavily outdated. The hope for a new and more contemporary concept of criminal law was invested in philosophy, which quickly advanced to the position of leading discipline in the field of criminal law thinking. This development led to unprecedented rich discussions in which legally interested philosophers such as Kant, Fichte, Schopenhauer and Humboldt took their share, as well as philosophically ambitioned legal scholars such as Feuerbach, Grolman and Welcker. The debate produced an abundance of theories and arguments which have not been surpassed ever since. A reception of this discussion today is difficult, though, due to the lack of a comprehensive presentation of the thoughts, theories and arguments of the discussants. The goal of the present project is to fill this gap. One focus of the project will be to analyze how the reflections directly related to criminal law fit into the overall philosophical systems of the mentioned authors. The other focus will be to show how these thoughts were influenced by contemporary criminal law discourse and how they, in turn, influenced the following discussion on criminal law. The investigations of my project lead up to the closing question: to what extent are the conceptions of that time still of interest in the context of our present political and philosophical style of thinking, and, further, can they even serve as a role model for the present age?