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Agricultural activity and its impact on terrestrial and marine ecosystems in the Baltic Sea region during the past 6000 years

过去 6000 年来波罗的海地区的农业活动及其对陆地和海洋生态系统的影响

基本信息

批准号：
387616981
负责人：
Dr. Ulrich Kotthoff
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Organische Biogeochemie in Geo-Systemen (OBG)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Infrastructure Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/387616981?language=en
关键词：
Agricultural activity its impact terrestrial

项目摘要

The proposed project aims at the assessment of agricultural activity during the past 6000 years and of coeval changes in climate and in terrestrial and marine ecosystems in the Baltic Sea region. This shall be achieved by the examination of multi-decadal palynological records from four IODP-Expedition-347 sites. The main hypotheses of the projects are that a) agricultural activity started earlier in coastal areas of the Baltic region and spread from the South to the North, b) agricultural activity resulted in related environmental changes such as deforestation, c) climate parameters such as precipitation influenced the intensity of cereal farming, and d) agricultural activity had an impact on marine ecosystems which can be identified in assemblages of aquatic palynomorphs and other microfossils. The four selected sites are situated in the south-western (Site M0059), the central (Site M0063), and the north-western Baltic Sea (Sites M0061/M0062). Agricultural activity shall be recognized via occurrences of pollen grains of cultivated plants, particularly cereals such as rye (Secale) or wheat (Triticum). The past ~1600 years shall be analysed in particularly high temporal resolution (~25 to ~50 years). The project will allow to analyse the timing of agricultural activity, e.g., how long it took until cereal farming was introduced to the different Baltic Sea areas reflected by the selected sites, or when phases of particularly intensive agricultural activity occurred. Differences in the timing of the introduction of cereal farming in coastal areas and in the hinterland shall be assessed by comparison with already published terrestrial records. The project will also contribute to a better understanding of synchronous changes in terrestrial ecosystems, such as deforestation or migration of plant taxa over the past 6000 years. By applying different methods of climate reconstruction, the climatic frame conditions of agricultural activity can be assessed. Moreover, since marine sediments shall be analysed, coeval changes in aquatic ecosystems can be identified by the examination of aquatic palynomorphs. Thus, it can be found out if agricultural activity influenced the marine realm, e.g. via increased nutrient input. Data generated by collaborators (e.g. diatom- and foraminifer-based datasets) shall be included in the analyses.High sedimentation rates in the basins where the sites have been drilled guarantee that an appropriate temporal resolution can be achieved. Pilot studies during IODP-Expedition-347 onshore party and in the framework of ongoing projects have shown that palynomorphs are very well-preserved at the different sites, and that sediments from one of the northern sites contain chironomid remains in excellent preservation. The results of the proposed study will significantly contribute to a more detailed view on the development and impact of agricultural activity and of environment and climate dynamics in the Baltic Sea region.

拟议的项目旨在评估过去6000年的农业活动以及波罗的海区域同时期的气候变化和陆地及海洋生态系统。这将通过检查四个IODP-Expedition-347站点的数十年孢粉学记录来实现。这些项目的主要假设是：（a）农业活动在波罗的海地区沿海地区开始较早，并从南向北扩散;（B）农业活动导致了相关的环境变化，如毁林;（c）气候参数，如降水量影响了谷物耕作的强度，以及d）农业活动对海洋生态系统产生了影响，这可以在水生孢粉形化石和其他微体化石的组合中确定。选定的四个地点分别位于波罗的海西南部（地点M0059）、中部（地点M0063）和西北部（地点M0061/M0062）。农业活动应通过栽培植物，特别是黑麦（Secale）或小麦（Triticum）等谷物的花粉粒的出现来识别。应特别以高时间分辨率（约25至约50年）分析过去约1600年的情况。该项目将有助于分析农业活动的时间安排，例如，选定地点所反映的不同波罗的海地区引进谷物种植需要多长时间，或何时出现特别密集的农业活动阶段。沿海地区和内陆地区引进谷物农业的时间差异应通过与已公布的陆地记录进行比较来评估。该项目还将有助于更好地了解陆地生态系统的同步变化，如过去6000年来的森林砍伐或植物类群的迁移。通过应用不同的气候重建方法，可以评估农业活动的气候框架条件。此外，由于应分析海洋沉积物，因此可通过检查水生孢粉形物来确定水生生态系统的同时期变化。因此，可以查明农业活动是否影响了海洋领域，例如通过增加营养投入。合作者产生的数据（例如硅藻和有孔虫数据集）应列入分析，钻探地点所在盆地的高沉积率保证可以实现适当的时间分辨率。在IODP-第347次陆上考察期间以及在正在进行的项目框架内进行的试点研究表明，不同地点的孢粉化石保存非常完好，北方一个地点的沉积物中含有保存良好的摇蚊化石。拟议研究的结果将大大有助于更详细地了解波罗的海区域农业活动的发展和影响以及环境和气候动态。