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From ambient to extreme conditions: a systematic investigation of actinides chemistry in fission products based oxo-salt systems

从环境到极端条件：基于裂变产物的含氧盐系统中锕系化学的系统研究

基本信息

批准号：
390461079
负责人：
Dr. Evgeny V. Alekseev
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2017-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/390461079?language=en
关键词：
ambient extreme conditions systematic investigation

项目摘要

The knowledge of the chemical properties of actinide elements (An) and associated materials are crucial for correct spent nuclear fuel and waste form safety assessments and are of high interest for fundamental science. The actinides are 5f-elements, which possess a plethora of unique chemical (multi-valence, extremely diverse coordination chemistry) and physical (magnetic ordering, superconductivity) properties. Until now several chemical aspects of actinide science are unclear, particularly the dependence of their reactivity to variable synthetic conditions, particularly those relevant to spent nuclear fuel and repository conditions, and the further role of 5f-electrons in bonding between An centers and oxo-salt ligands. Within the research we will combine the unique expertise of German and Chinese partners to perform a systematic investigation of the early actinides, Th, U, Np, and Pu, their interaction with oxo-salt groups that are based on key fission products, for instance Se, I, Mo. We will perform this study in a wide range of synthetic conditions ranging from ambient pressure and room temperature up to 2500 °C and 25 GPa. We will study chemical and structural properties of the obtained materials with a particular emphasis on electronic structure the further relation of 5f-electrons involvement in bonding. The group of Prof. Alekseev (Jülich, Germany) will focus on solid state reactions with particular emphasis on extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. The group of Prof. Wang (Suzhou, China) will be responsible for the investigation of reactions in aqueous solutions including those involving supercritical water. As a result of this joint Sino-German project we expect considerable scientific advancement in: 1. Synthetic chemistry of the early actinides in respect to their reactivity and phase formation at various synthetic conditions from ambient to extreme pressures and temperatures;2. Structural chemistry of early actinide based oxo-materials; 3. The understanding of the bonding nature between An centers and different type of oxo-ligands.We believe that this DFG-NSFC joint project will bring our cooperation onto a new, highly effective performance level and will play a significant role in German-Chinese scientific cooperation in the field of radiochemistry.

锕系元素（An）和相关材料的化学性质的知识对于正确的乏核燃料和废物形式的安全评估是至关重要的，并且是基础科学的高度关注。锕系元素是5f元素，具有多种独特的化学性质（多价、极多样化的配位化学）和物理性质（磁有序、超导性）。到目前为止，锕系元素科学的几个化学方面还不清楚，特别是它们的反应性对可变合成条件的依赖，特别是那些与乏核燃料和储存库条件有关的条件，以及5f电子在An中心和氧盐配体之间的键合中的进一步作用。在研究中，我们将结合德国和中国合作伙伴的独特专业知识，对早期锕系元素，Th， U， Np和Pu，以及它们与基于关键裂变产物（例如Se， I, Mo）的氧盐基团的相互作用进行系统调查。我们将在广泛的合成条件下进行这项研究，从环境压力和室温到2500°C和25 GPa。我们将研究所得材料的化学和结构性质，特别强调电子结构和5f电子参与成键的进一步关系。Alekseev教授（j<e:1> lich，德国）的小组将重点研究固态反应，特别强调压力和温度的极端条件。王教授（中国苏州）的课题组将负责研究水溶液中的反应，包括涉及超临界水的反应。由于这个中德合作项目，我们期望在以下方面取得长足的科学进步：1 .早期锕系元素在各种合成条件下（从环境压力到极端压力和温度）的反应性和相形成的合成化学；早期锕系氧化物材料的结构化学研究3. 对An中心与不同类型氧配体成键性质的认识。我们相信，此次中德两国自然科学基金的联合项目将把中德合作提升到一个新的、高效的绩效水平，并将在中德放射化学领域的科学合作中发挥重要作用。