Anti-Establishment Politics in Europe: Issue Entrepreneurship, Voting Patterns and Counter-System Strategies of Representation

该项目的主要目标是探索模式，机制和反系统的话语背后的右，左，也中心反建立政党（AEP）的问题创业战略的代表作用。这一重点的经验相关性来自于这样一种观察，即在整个欧洲，这些AEP不仅获得了更高的主流知名度，扩大了其选举吸引力，而且使其发行供应的合法化多样化。他们不仅把自己描绘成不满的工具，而且还把自己描绘成具体政治变革的可行推动者。因此，本研究将注意力转向反建制政党的积极政治机构和未充分研究的叙事的作用，去和重新合法化的主流政治和代议制民主的理由，他们的意识形态供应以及反建立投票模式。当他们要求一个不同的/更好的民主时，AEP实际上意味着什么？这些不同的行动者如何利用反系统的主张来使他们的问题立场不合法化？这些叙述对于主流化议题、政治挑战者的创业策略以及反建制代表诉求的主观认知扮演了什么样的角色？为了回答这些问题，该项目使用比较政党政治的跨学科性质，并结合从民主代表和选举行为的研究与政治沟通和社会运动的研究固有的框架范式的反建立政治的观点。该项目的核心假设是，通过战略性地将特定的反系统主张嵌入其发行供应中，AEP可以修改其发行的位置和效价吸引力。因此，他们构建了一种主观的看法，认为他们的供应既是一种独特的、可行的政治变革代表工具，能够取代老牌政党，并修复代议制民主。具体对齐的问题和框架到反系统的创业战略的代表性进一步被认为是作为一个启发式的线索，调解真诚或抗议的性格背后的动机电机的反建立投票。拟议的单一比较框架的两个分析步骤结合联合收割机的计算机辅助定性框架分析的AEP话语在网络新闻和社交媒体与定量分析模式背后的反建立投票行为。创新的概念重点的拟议项目有助于系统的分析解释和更深入的实证理解主流化的反机构的政治挑战者，以及其对欧洲政党制度的政治代表性的特点的影响。因此，探索AEP的代表性的反系统策略将有助于更好地理解当代代议制民主所面临的挑战。

The main objective of this project is to explore the patterns, mechanisms and representational role of counter-system discourse behind issue entrepreneurial strategies of right, left and also centre anti-establishment parties (AEPs). The empirical relevance of this focus derives from the observation that across Europe these AEPs not only gain increased mainstream visibility and broaden their electoral appeal, but also diversify the legitimization of their issue supply. They portray themselves not merely as instruments of discontent, but also as viable agents of specific political change. This study hence turns attention to active political agency of anti-establishment parties and the underresearched role of narratives that de- and re-legitimize mainstream politics and representative democracy for the justification of their ideological supply as well as for patterns of anti-establishment vote. What do AEPs actually mean when they demand a different/better democracy? How do these various actors use counter-system claims to diversely legitimize their issue positions? Which role do these narratives play for the mainstreaming issue entrepreneurial strategies of political challengers and the subjective perceptions of anti-establishment representative appeal? To answer these questions, the project uses the interdisciplinary character of comparative party politics and combines perspectives on anti-establishment politics from studies of democratic representation and electoral behaviour with the framing paradigm inherent to studies of political communication and social movements. The central assumption of the project is that by strategically embedding particular counter-system claims within their issue supply, AEPs can modify the positional and valence appeal of their issues. They thus construct a subjective perception of their supply as both a distinctive and viable representational vehicle of political change able to replace established parties and to fix representative democracy. The specific alignment of issues and frames into counter-system entrepreneurial strategies of representation is further believed to serve as a heuristic cue that mediates the sincere or protest character behind motivational motors of anti-establishment vote. The two analytical steps of the proposed single comparative framework combine computer-assisted qualitative frame analysis of AEP discourse in online press and social media with a quantitative analysis of patterns behind anti-establishment vote behaviour. The innovative conceptual focus of the proposed project contributes to both a systematic analytical explanation and a deeper empirical understanding of mainstreaming anti-establishment agency by political challengers, as well as its impact on the character of political representation in European party systems. Exploring AEP counter-system strategies of representation will thus help to better understand challenges facing contemporary representative democracies.