Between Aliyah and Escape. Jewish Youth Movement and Zionist Education under the Nazi Regime and in pre-State Israel 1933–1945

该项目力求扩大和丰富第一个项目时期的成果，该时期突出了跨国、代际教育网络的动态和青年文化在1933年以前受到犹太民族意识形态启发的男女之间的发展。项目第一阶段的结果强调了在移民之前和青年团体抵达巴勒斯坦托管区之后，教育思想的持续影响。自第一次世界大战以来支持犹太复国主义教育和训练的意识形态原则和制度，在1933年以后促进犹太儿童和青年的回归和逃亡方面发挥了根本作用。目前的研究考虑了犹太复国主义青年运动对德国和欧洲犹太青年生存的贡献。我们打算分析青年Aliyah作为全球活跃的犹太复国主义教育和救援项目的出现，以及它对基布兹运动和在建国前的以色列发展新的犹太复国主义教学法的影响。这种做法基本上是跨国的，旨在重建有关各方的不同观点。因此，与性别相关的经验和观点将在我们的分析中占据中心位置。我们还将强调性别在话语的代际性质中的作用，以及在青年运动中发展并塑造其活动的机构。根据对档案来源的广泛调查，特别是对以色列档案的调查，这项研究将分为两个相互联系的次级项目，两者都需要德国和以色列的合作。第一个子项目考察了德国犹太复国主义青年运动和赫查鲁兹在1933年后对犹太青年的教育、培训、移民和救援的贡献。主要的重点将是青年运动支持的三个机构- -有影响力的犹太复国主义运动Habonim以及训练和救援机构Hachshara和青年阿利亚- -在国家社会主义德国、欧洲和巴勒斯坦的充满冲突的发展。在这个框架内，该项目考虑了移民青年自我教育观念的变化，并分析了自治运动理想与犹太复国主义-社会主义教育基本原则之间的紧张关系。第二个子项目强调讲德语的年轻阿利亚人融入基布兹，并考虑其自1930年代中期以来对建立新的基布兹教学法和教师培训进程的影响。我们的研究旨在描绘从德国犹太复国主义青年运动到基布兹运动的教学和教育政策的网络、个人和思想。这些因素的档案发现将使我们能够阐明和评价德国青年运动对犹太复国主义教育的重要发展之一的贡献。

This project seeks to expand and enrich the findings of the first project period, which highlighted the dynamics of the transnational, intergenerational pedagogic networks and development of youth culture among women and men who were inspired by Jewish-national ideologies prior to 1933. The results of the project’s first period accentuated the continuous impact of pedagogical ideas before emigration and after the arrival of the youth groups to Mandate Palestine. The ideological principles and institutions that supported Zionist upbringing and training since World War One, had played a fundamental role in facilitating Aliyah and escape of Jewish children and youth after 1933.The current research considers the contribution of the Zionist youth movement to the survival of Jewish youth from Germany and Europe. We intend to analyze the emergence of the Youth Aliyah as a globally active Zionist education and rescue project, and its influence on the kibbutz movement and on the development of a new Zionist pedagogy in pre-state Israel. This approach is fundamentally transnational and geared towards the reconstruction of the divergent perspectives of those involved. Consequently, gender-related experiences and perspectives will take center stage in our analysis. We will also emphasize the roles of gender in the inter-generational nature of the discourse and the institutions that developed within the youth movement and shaped its activities. Based on extensive surveys of archival sources, especially from Israeli archives, the research will be structured as two interconnected sub-projects, both require German-Israeli cooperation.The first sub-project examines the contribution of the German Zionist youth movements, and of Hechaluz, to the education, training, emigration and rescue of Jewish youth after 1933. The main focus will be on the conflict-ridden developments of three agencies that were supported by the youth movement – the influential Zionist movement Habonim, and the training and rescue institutions Hachshara and Youth Aliyah – in National Socialist Germany, Europe and Palestine. Within this framework, the project considers the changes in the concepts of self-education among the migrating youth, and analyzes the tensions between the movement’s ideals of autonomy and the fundamentals of Zionist-socialist education.The second sub-project highlights the integration of young German-speaking Aliyah in the kibbutzim and considers its influence on the establishment of new kibbutz-pedagogy and teacher-training processes since the mid-1930s. Our research aims to map the networks, the individual and the ideas that made their ways from the German Zionist youth movement to the pedagogical and educational policies of the Kibbutz movement. The archival findings of these elements would enable us to elucidate and evaluate the contribution of the German youth movement to one of the essential developments in Zionist education.