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Isolation and Cultivation of the Source Organisms of Long-chain Diol lipids from Marine Environments to test their Application in Palaeoclimate Studies

海洋环境中长链二醇脂来源生物的分离和培养及其在古气候研究中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
392246132
负责人：
Dr. Sebastiaan Rampen
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung Geobiologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/392246132?language=en
关键词：
Isolation Cultivation Source Organisms Long

项目摘要

Since the middle of the 20th century, global temperature trends are rising. This warming is caused by a combination of natural factors and human activities and may have severe consequences for earths inhabitants and human society in particular. Thorough understanding of climate processes and their feedback mechanisms is essential to comprehend and face the impact of climate changes. Studies on past climate conditions play an important role as they demonstrate how temperature changes have affected the earth previously. Such knowledge can be obtained from the remains of organisms that lived in the past, as they can provide information on the conditions at the time of their origin. Some organisms modify their lipid composition as an adaptation to changing growth conditions. Analysis of such lipids in ancient sediments could therefore provide information on the conditions at the time of deposition, but unfortunately, the number of successful applications is still very limited. Recently, long chain alkyl diols were identified as a group of lipids whose distribution seems to be affected by water temperature - 1,13- and 1,15-diol distributions in sea surface sediments show a strong correlation with the annual temperature of the overlaying surface waters. Subsequent studies using diols in combination with other climate reconstruction methods have confirmed the potential of these lipids for the reconstruction of past temperatures but also indicated differences with other methods. Differences may be expected as each method may register temperatures of a specific season or water depth. However, diol distributions could also be affected by factors other than temperature, and this would affect their reliability for climate reconstruction. Hence, it would be obvious to test which environmental factors affect the diol distribution, but this is severely hampered by the fact that the biological sources of these lipids are yet unknown. The proposed project aims to identify and isolate the biological sources of diols in marine environments, and to test which growth conditions affect the diol composition. The Mediterranean Sea is an area known to contain diols and, subsequently, their biological sources. Water samples from this sea will be collected at different times in a year, and analyzed on the presence of diols, while DNA analyses will provide information on the of micro-organism composition. Using this knowledge, possible diol producers will be isolated from the water samples, cultured, and analyzed on their lipid composition. Next, diol producing strains will be grown at different temperatures and under different nutrient and salinity conditions, to determine the effect of these environmental conditions on their diol distributions. The results of this project may constrain the use of diols for sea surface temperature reconstruction, provide valuable background information, and thereby improve their use for climate reconstruction studies.

自20世纪中叶以来，全球气温呈上升趋势。这种变暖是由自然因素和人类活动共同造成的，尤其可能对地球居民和人类社会造成严重后果。深入了解气候过程及其反馈机制对于理解和应对气候变化的影响至关重要。对过去气候条件的研究发挥了重要作用，因为它们证明了温度变化以前是如何影响地球的。这些知识可以从过去生活的生物遗骸中获得，因为它们可以提供有关它们起源时条件的信息。一些生物体改变它们的脂质组成以适应不断变化的生长条件。因此，分析古代沉积物中的这种脂质可以提供沉积时条件的信息，但不幸的是，成功应用的数量仍然非常有限。近年来，长链烷基二醇被确定为一类分布受水温影响的脂类——1,13-和1,15-二醇在海洋表层沉积物中的分布与上覆表层海水的年温度有很强的相关性。随后的研究将二醇与其他气候重建方法结合使用，证实了这些脂类在重建过去温度方面的潜力，但也指出了与其他方法的差异。由于每种方法可能记录特定季节或水深的温度，因此可能存在差异。然而，二醇的分布也可能受到温度以外的因素的影响，这将影响它们在气候重建中的可靠性。因此，测试哪些环境因素会影响二醇的分布是显而易见的，但由于这些脂质的生物来源尚不清楚，这严重阻碍了测试。拟议的项目旨在确定和分离海洋环境中二元醇的生物来源，并测试哪些生长条件会影响二元醇的组成。地中海是已知含有二醇及其生物来源的地区。该海域的水样将在一年中的不同时间采集，并分析二醇的存在，而DNA分析将提供微生物组成的信息。利用这些知识，可能的二醇生产者将从水样中分离出来，培养，并分析其脂质组成。接下来，将在不同温度、不同营养和盐度条件下培养产生二醇的菌株，以确定这些环境条件对其二醇分布的影响。该项目的结果可能会限制二元醇在海面温度重建中的使用，提供有价值的背景信息，从而提高其在气候重建研究中的应用。