Atomic parity violation in muonic X-rays

μ子原子是研究μ子与原子核相互作用的一个很好的实验室，因为μ子波函数与原子核有很大的重叠。原子的辐射跃迁，即所谓的介子x射线，可以得到原子核大小的精确信息。此外，波函数的大重叠增加了该系统对短程相互作用的灵敏度，特别是弱中性电流在μ子x射线中诱导原子宇称违反效应。然而，关于低能量下中性电流效应的数据很少，而且没有关于介子的数据。新的，特定于介子的相互作用可能会引入与粒子物理标准模型中预期的振幅相同或更大的宇称违反效应。这些相互作用在一定程度上是由最近的μ子数据中超出标准模型的物理暗示所激发的。在这个提议中，我们关注于子锌中相反宇称2S和2P原子能级的混合。本提案的范围是：(a)对锌中的单光子2S-1S跃迁进行干净的测量，确定其在原子级联中的分支比，并充分了解所有相关背景。为此，瑞士保罗·谢勒研究所计划用高纯度锗探测器阵列进行两次测量。今年批准了第一个双弱光束时间。(b)对未来的子原子宇称破坏实验（APV）进行优化实验设计，并确定其超出标准模型物理的范围。(c)对226Ra的电荷半径测量有重要贡献。这一测量结果将作为一个重要的输入，为即将到来的原子宇称违反实验与单个镭离子。(d)美因茨约翰内斯·古腾堡大学博士论文一篇。

Muonic atoms are an excellent laboratory to study the interaction between the muon and the atomic nucleus as there is a large overlap of the muon wave function and the nucleus. Radiative atomic transitions, so-called muonic X-rays, yield accurate information on the size of the nucleus. In addition, the large overlap of the wave functions increases the sensitivity of this system for short-range interactions, in particular weak neutral currents inducing atomic parity violating effects in muonic X-rays. Data on neutral current effects at low energies is sparse however, and there is none with muons. New, muon specific interactions may introduce parity violating effects of the same order or larger than the amplitudes expected in the Standard Model of particle physics. These interactions are in part motivated by hints of physics beyond the Standard Model in recent muon data.In this proposal, we focus on the mixing of the opposite parity 2S and 2P atomic levels in muonic zinc. The scope of this proposal is:(a) to make a clean measurement of the single photon 2S-1S transition in zinc, determine its branching ratio in the atomic cascade, and to fully understand all relevant backgrounds. For this purpose, two measurements with a high-purity germanium detector array are planned at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. A first beam time of two weak was approved this year.(b) to make an optimized experimental design for a future atomic parity violation experiment (APV) with muonic atoms, and to determine its beyond the Standard Model physics reach. (c) to make a significant contribution to the charge radius measurement of 226Ra. This measurement will serve as an important input for the upcoming atomic parity violating experiment with a single radium ion. (d) one PhD thesis at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz.