IRES Track I: Development of the Neutron Optics Parity and Time Violation Experiment in Japan

IRES Track I：日本中子光学宇称和时间违反实验的进展

• 批准号: 2246335
• 负责人: Christopher Crawford
• 金额: $ 29.48万
• 依托单位: University of Kentucky Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2246335&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IRES; Track; Development; Neutron; Optics

This IRES Track I proposal will send three cohorts of six U.S. undergraduate students and one U.S. graduate student to Nagoya University, Japan for research and development experiments in conjunction with the existing Japan/US ``Neutron Optics Parity and Time Reversal EXperiment'' (NOPTREX) collaboration. The goal of these experiments is to investigate the physical mechanism responsible for the conversion of antimatter into matter in the early universe. This is one of the outstanding questions in particle and nuclear physics and cosmology, because the Big Bang theory requires matter and antimatter to have been created in equal parts, although now, we do not observe significant quantities of antimatter in the visible universe.Five collaborating institutions: University of Kentucky, Indiana University, Berea College, Eastern Kentucky University, and Western Kentucky University will recruit participants from their respective institutions to work together as a student team/cohort. Three of the institutions operate nuclear physics accelerator facilities with neutron sources for student training, and the other two possess outstanding undergraduate physics programs that draw undergraduates from Appalachia. An innovative aspect of this proposal is that participants will be recruited during the summer prior to the international experience and will receive extensive training with their advisor at their home institution before travelling to Japan. This personalized academic year-long training will prepare the students to make meaningful contributions in a highly technical field and give them extra time to study the Japanese language and culture.The program will directly train a new generation of talented physicists skilled at working in international collaborations and conducting team-based science. The small scale of the NOPTREX experiment and its use of techniques from many subfields of physics lends itself to hands-on student participation and the development of a broad understanding of physical principles and experimental techniques. Special consideration will be given to women, Appalachian, first-generation, and underrepresented minorities. Students chosen for the program will enjoy a rich intellectual research experience using the most advanced instrumentation currently available and will gain world-class skills in precision measurements with low-energy neutrons in an international collaborative setting. As a result, the program will strengthen intellectual and cultural ties between the nuclear science programs of the US and Japan both for the immediate future and in the rising generation of nuclear physicists.The scientific goal of the NOPTREX collaboration is to conduct a new type of sensitive search for time reversal symmetry violation in polarized neutron transmission through polarized nuclei. The discovery of a new source of time reversal violation in neutron-nucleus interactions would uncover new physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics and could elucidate the origin of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. This experiment exploits special properties of low energy neutron-nucleus resonances, which can act as a natural amplifier of parity and time reversal violation. The design of the experimental apparatus directly embodies and exploits the principle of motion-reversal symmetry to conduct a sensitive search. The Japanese Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is well-suited to host this experiment and will be an ideal backdrop for an international research experience for our students. Several measurements toward the NOPTREX goals have already been completed both at J-PARC and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).An innovative aspect of this proposal is the extensive individualized, academic-year training for each student prior to conducting nuclear physics research in Japan. It builds on the highly collaborative work environment centered around both the US multi-institutional team-based R&D experiments at LANL and the international collaborative experiments being performed at J-PARC. Each US institution contributes specialized hardware expertise and will provide personalized training to IRES participants during the full academic year to prepare them for specific tasks during their research in Japan. Participants will learn collaborative skills and bond as they share their progress with each other and their Japanese mentors in weekly collaboration video conference meetings during the academic year. Cohort building, scientific training, and cultural awareness will be consolidated during two in-person collaboration/training meetings before travel to Japan.The students will perform 10 weeks of summer research at Nagoya University under the supervision of Professors Hirohiko Shimizu, Masaaki Kitaguchi, and Takuya Okudaira, with the aid of one US graduate participant. Student research will be integrated in their Fundamental Neutron Physics research group, which is the largest in Japan. Students will test experimental hardware using the low energy neutron test facility at Nagoya University. They will take a short trip to J-PARC and analyze data collected on the ANNRI beamline at J-PARC. This program is underpinned by our longstanding Japan/US collaborative relationship and our solid record of training students who have worked on the project and conducted NOPTREX research in Japan.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

IRES Track I 提案将派遣三批六名美国本科生和一名美国研究生前往日本名古屋大学，结合现有的日本/美国“中子光学宇称和时间反转实验”(NOPTREX) 合作进行研发实验。 这些实验的目的是研究早期宇宙中反物质转化为物质的物理机制。 这是粒子与核物理和宇宙学中的突出问题之一，因为大爆炸理论要求物质和反物质是等量产生的，尽管现在我们在可见宇宙中没有观察到大量的反物质。五个合作机构：肯塔基大学、印第安纳大学、伯里亚学院、东肯塔基大学和西肯塔基大学将从各自机构招募参与者作为学生一起工作 团队/队列。 其中三个机构运营带有中子源的核物理加速器设施，用于学生培训，另外两个机构拥有优秀的本科物理课程，吸引了来自阿巴拉契亚的本科生。 该提案的一个创新之处在于，参与者将在国际经验之前的夏季招募，并在前往日本之前在其所在机构接受广泛的培训。 这种为期一年的个性化学术培训将为学生在高技术领域做出有意义的贡献做好准备，并让他们有额外的时间学习日本语言和文化。该计划将直接培养擅长国际合作和开展团队科学的新一代天才物理学家。 NOPTREX 实验的小规模及其对物理许多子领域技术的使用，有助于学生的亲身参与，并培养对物理原理和实验技术的广泛理解。将特别考虑妇女、阿巴拉契亚人、第一代和代表性不足的少数群体。 被选中参加该项目的学生将使用目前最先进的仪器享受丰富的智力研究经验，并将在国际合作环境中获得低能中子精密测量的世界一流技能。 因此，该计划将在不久的将来和新一代核物理学家中加强美国和日本核科学计划之间的知识和文化联系。NOPTREX 合作的科学目标是对通过极化核的极化中子传输中的时间反转对称性破坏进行新型敏感搜索。中子-核相互作用中时间反转违规的新来源的发现将揭示粒子物理学标准模型之外的新物理学，并可能阐明宇宙重子不对称性的起源。 该实验利用了低能中子核共振的特殊性质，它可以充当宇称和时间反转破坏的天然放大器。实验装置的设计直接体现并利用运动反转对称原理进行灵敏搜索。日本质子加速器研究综合体 (J-PARC) 的日本散裂中子源 (JSNS) 非常适合举办这项实验，并将为我们的学生提供国际研究体验的理想背景。 J-PARC 和洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室 (LANL) 已经完成了针对 NOPTREX 目标的多项测量。该提案的一个创新方面是在日本进行核物理研究之前为每个学生提供广泛的个性化学年培训。 它建立在高度协作的工作环境之上，以 LANL 的美国多机构团队研发实验和 J-PARC 正在进行的国际协作实验为中心。 每个美国机构都会贡献专业的硬件专业知识，并将在整个学年期间为 IRES 参与者提供个性化培训，帮助他们为在日本研究期间的特定任务做好准备。 参与者将在学年期间的每周协作视频会议上与彼此及其日本导师分享自己的进展，从而学习协作技能和联系。 在前往日本之前，将在两次面对面的合作/培训会议上巩固队列建设、科学培训和文化意识。学生们将在名古屋大学进行为期 10 周的夏季研究，由 Hirohiko Shimizu、Masaaki Kitaguchi 和 Takuy​​a Okudaira 教授的监督，并在一名美国研究生参与者的帮助下进行。学生的研究将被纳入日本最大的基础中子物理研究小组。学生将使用名古屋大学的低能中子测试设施测试实验硬件。 他们将前往 J-PARC 进行一次短途旅行，并分析在 J-PARC 的 ANNRI 光束线上收集的数据。 该计划以我们长期的日本/美国合作关系以及我们培训参与该项目并在日本进行 NOPTREX 研究的学生的良好记录为基础。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。